1. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April, 2008 Evaluation for the Integration of a Virtual Evapotranspiration Sensor Based on VIIRS and Passive Microwave Sensors into Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AnnAGNPS) Model Rapid Prototyping Capability Project 2006 Lance Yarbrough (PI) Dath Mita (Co-PI) The University of Mississippi Ronald Bingner (Ron) USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Lab Robert Ryan SSAI John C. Stennis Space Center Collaborators Steve Running The Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group University of Montana

2. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Presentation Outline  Objectives  Background  Expected Impacts  Progress Report (April 2008)  Upcoming Major Tasks  Schedule  Future Science Questions

3. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Project Objectives  To develop and evaluate a “Virtual” Evapotranspiration (ET) Sensor (VETS) model for estimating ET using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data  To evaluate the potential of applying VETS model with Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model (AnnAGNPS)  To evaluate the use of VIIRS data (simulation) as a potential ET data source in place of MODIS 1

4. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Study Area: Lower Mississippi, The Yazoo River Basin, Yalobusha Watershed Rationale: -long history of hydrologic work -extensive infrastructure -long history of hydrologic data -USDA-ARS NSL past & ongoing projects

5. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Background: AnnAGNPS  AnnAGNPS is a watershed-scale simulation program (developed by USDA)  The model simulates point and non-point source quantities of:  surface water,  sediment,  nutrients, and  pesticides  The model output is expressed on an event basis for selected stream reaches and outlets  It is also used to evaluate Best Management Practices (BMPs)

6. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 AnnAGNPS Input Parameters  Climate data  Hydrology – Daily soil moisture balance  Runoff – SCS curve number  Subsurface flow  Rill and sheet erosion – RUSLE  Sediment delivery – HUSLE  Gully Erosion  Channel Erosion  Chemical routing – Mass balance approach  Evapotranspiration (ET) – Penman equation 3

7. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Wind Solar Radiation Humidity Temperature Penman Equation ET potential Wind Solar Radiation Humidity Temperature Penman Equation ET potential Soil Moisture ET actual Project Overview  Current AnnAGNPS ET input process involves: 1.The use of climate data and the PENMAN equation to estimate potential ET 2.Estimates of potential ET and soil moisture are used to generate actual ET

8. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Problem definition:  ET estimation:  Requires several climate data inputs (wind, temperature, solar radiation, humidity etc.)  Not all weather stations collect and record a complete set of the required climate parameters  Certain regions have limited ground weather stations and climate data  Can lead to limited and generalized watershed ET estimates

9. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Project Outcomes Enhancing AnnAGNPS as a Decision Support System by: 1.Providing a more efficient and effective ET input process a.Increased spatial coverage b.Reliable and consistent measurements 2. Performance evaluation of AnnAGNPS with satellite data from current (MODIS) and next generation (VIIRS) sensors

10. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Expected Impacts (Value and benefits to society) 1. Improvement in the accuracy of predicting non-point source pollution loadings within agricultural watersheds 2. Improvements in the design and implementation of watershed conservation programs. 3. Provision of short and long term improvements in water quality management and human health.

11. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April, 2008 Progress Report April 15, 2008

12. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Data Collection: Ground weather station data: Status: Complete Research Application:  To process ET data using the Penman equation  To run current AnnAGNPS watershed simulation process  To determine correlation and/or covariance with satellite- based ET

13. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Data Collection: MODIS (2004) Satellite data: Status: Complete  Acquired and pre-processed:  Surface Reflectance Daily L2G Global (MOD09GHK)  Surface Reflectance Quality L2G Global (MOD09GST)  Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity daily L3 (MOD11A1)  Landcover Types L3 Global (MOD12Q1)  Research Application:  To generate intermediate ET factors:  LAI (leaf area index)  FPAR (fraction of photosynthetically active radiation)  EVI (enhanced vegetation index)  ALBEDO  To generating ET using the Virtual ET sensor

14. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Data Collection: MODIS ET raw data (2004) Status: Complete  Acquired ET raw data (0.05 deg) processed using Revised RS- PM algorithm  In collaboration with The Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana  Research Application:  To apply in the Virtual ET sensor system  Comparative analysis with Virtual sensor ET algorithm

15. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Data Collection: Simulated VIIRS data (ITD-SSAI Stennis) Status: In Progress  Surface-Reflectance band I1 (MOD1) and band I2 (MOD2)  Emissivity M15 (MOD31)  Emissivity M16 (MOD32)  Land surface temperature (LST)  Research Application:  To generate intermediate ET factors: 1.LAI (leaf area index) 2.FPAR (fraction of photosynthetically active radiation) 3.EVI (enhanced vegetation index) 4.ALBEDO  To generate ET using Virtual ET sensor algorithm and Revised RS-PM algorithm

16. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Current Research Outputs

17. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 GIS layers of ground-based (2000-05) Climate Data: (monthly and daily precipitation and temperature)

18. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Gridded ET GIS layers (Virtual ET Stations) (2004, 8-day composites) “Virtual” ET Stations

19. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 MODIS ET Surface Datasets (2004, 8-day)

20. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Current AnnAGNPS ET estimate variable inputs MODIS ET data AnnGNPS Climate Data Input Editor Modification

21. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Modified AnnGNPS Climate Data Input Editor MODIS/VIIRS ET data AnnAGNPS ET executable code -development -testing -implementation

22. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Challenge……  Within AnnAGNPS, when the potential ET is combined with the soil moisture in the soil profile, the actual ET is determined.  When Actual ET is supplied by the user, the interaction with soil moisture still needs to be included in order to maintain the water balance in the system that effects surface and subsurface runoff as well as baseflow.

23. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Watershed Simulation  Collection and preprocessing of AnnAGNPS ancillary variables has been completed,  topographic, soils, landcover, land management datasets etc.  Approximately 95% of the pre-simulation preparations have been completed, including the incorporation of user defined actual ET effects on simulating soil moisture throughout the soil profile.  Major Simulation Parameters: Peak Runoff, Sediment Yield, and Nutrient Load

24. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Watershed Drainage Area Subdivision by AnnAGNPS Cells

25. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Assignment of MODIS-ET Grid to AnnAGNPS Watershed Cells

26. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Watershed RUSLE LS-Factor (slope-length)

27. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Watershed Soil Variability

28. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 MODIS/VIIRS Data Raw ET Data ET Algorithm GIS Protocol -scaling factors -coefficients Grid Potential ET Grid Actual ET AnnAGNPS Climate Input Editor -gridded ET -watershed cells ET “Virtual” Sensor System

29. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Remaining Major Tasks:  Continue VETS Model Testing, Evaluation, and Validation  Watershed simulation experiments: 1.Penman ET based (2) 2.MODIS ET (2) 3.VIIRS simulated ET (2)  Analysis and evaluation of watershed simulation results  Preparation of final report and publication manuscripts

30. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Project Schedule

31. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Future Science Questions  How do watershed scale and the use of MODIS/VIIRS ET observations in hydrologic modeling affect the accuracy and precision of hydrologic assessments?  Compare in-situ and expected observations of watershed flow, sediment yield, and nutrient loading  How can we most effectively estimate the tolerances and optimization at local and regional scales?  How can we account for natural variability in ecological systems and allow for the most accurate and precise assessments possible.

32. The University of Mississippi Geoinformatics Center NASA MRC RPC Review Meeting: 14-15 April 2008 Greg Easson, Director UMGC  662 915 5995  geasson@olemiss.edu Contact Information: Dath Mita, Co-PI UMGC  662 915 5201  mitadath@olemiss.edu Lance Yarbrough, PI UMGC  662 915 6598  ldyarbro@olemiss.edu