1. Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life Chapter 15

2. Section 1 Gilded Age Gilded Age Termed by who for what purpose? Termed by who for what purpose? Meaning? Meaning? Who was this a golden period for? Describe. Who was this a golden period for? Describe.

3. Laissez-faire The United States faced great challenges as it emerged from Reconstruction. The United States faced great challenges as it emerged from Reconstruction. Describe Describe Businesses operated without government regulation. Businesses operated without government regulation. Describe the approach and who developed the term. Describe the approach and who developed the term. Many people supported government involvement when it benefited them. Many people supported government involvement when it benefited them. Give an example Give an example

4. Spoils System Describe this system. Describe this system.

5. Opposing Political Parties Democratic and Republican parties had roughly the same number of supporters. Democratic and Republican parties had roughly the same number of supporters. differed greatly-supporters and issues. differed greatly-supporters and issues. Republicans Republicans Who did they appeal to? Who did they appeal to? Where were they strongest? Where were they strongest? Favored? Favored? Democratic Party Democratic Party Who did they appeal to? Who did they appeal to? Where were they strongest? Where were they strongest? Favored? Favored?

6. Hayes Fights the Spoils System After his election in 1877, Rutherford B. Hayes refused to follow spoils system. After his election in 1877, Rutherford B. Hayes refused to follow spoils system. What actions did he take? What actions did he take?

7. Garfield's Term Cut Short James A. Garfield, an Ohio congressman and ally of the Half-Breeds, won the party's presidential nomination. James A. Garfield, an Ohio congressman and ally of the Half-Breeds, won the party's presidential nomination. (Half-Breeds, who followed Senator James G. Blaine of Maine, hoped to reform the spoils system while remaining loyal to the party.) were a political faction of the United States Republican Party in the late 19th century. (Half-Breeds, who followed Senator James G. Blaine of Maine, hoped to reform the spoils system while remaining loyal to the party.) were a political faction of the United States Republican Party in the late 19th century.

8. Pendleton Civil Service Act Upon James Garfield's death who became V.P.? Upon James Garfield's death who became V.P.? Describe what he reformed and an act introduced. Describe what he reformed and an act introduced.

9. Democrats Take Power Who became first Democratic President in 1856? Who became first Democratic President in 1856? Favored ? Favored ? Supported ? Supported ?

10. Regulating Railroads 1869 1869 Railroad regulation had begun in 1869, when ? Railroad regulation had begun in 1869, when ? What was the practice of rebates? What was the practice of rebates? In 1877 the Supreme Court, in Munn v. Illinois, allowed what? In 1877 the Supreme Court, in Munn v. Illinois, allowed what? As you read in the last chapter, in 1887 Congress responded by passing the Interstate Commerce Act. As you read in the last chapter, in 1887 Congress responded by passing the Interstate Commerce Act. Remember! The act required that rates be set in proportion to the distance traveled and that rates be made public. 1877 Interstate Commerce Act was passed Remember! The act required that rates be set in proportion to the distance traveled and that rates be made public. 1877 Interstate Commerce Act was passed

11. Depression to Prosperity Boosted by industrial growth, American business grew during the late 1880s to 1890s. Boosted by industrial growth, American business grew during the late 1880s to 1890s.

12. Focus on Tariffs Cleveland lost the 1888 presidential election to Republican Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland lost the 1888 presidential election to Republican Benjamin Harrison. The campaign had focused on ? The campaign had focused on ? Cleveland favored? Cleveland favored? Harrison wanted ? Harrison wanted ? Harrison's position won him plenty of business support and, ultimately, the presidency. Harrison's position won him plenty of business support and, ultimately, the presidency.

13. List Harrison's achievements List Harrison's achievements These actions would later damage the economy, and they did not help Harrison in the election of 1892. These actions would later damage the economy, and they did not help Harrison in the election of 1892.

14. Cleveland's Second Term What did he campaign for again? What did he campaign for again? A panic hit the country in 1893. What did this begin? A panic hit the country in 1893. What did this begin?

15. McKinley Wins in 1896 1896, William Jennings Bryan, the presidential candidate of the Populists and Democrats, lost to the Republican candidate, William McKinley. 1896, William Jennings Bryan, the presidential candidate of the Populists and Democrats, lost to the Republican candidate, William McKinley. McKinley was supported by urban workers and the middle class. McKinley was supported by urban workers and the middle class.

16. Section 2 People on the Move

17. 1. Why did immigration boom in the late 1800’s? 2. How did immigrants adjust to life in the U.S. ?

18. The Immigrant Experience In the late 1800s, people in many parts of the world were on the move from farms to cities and from one country to another. In the late 1800s, people in many parts of the world were on the move from farms to cities and from one country to another. Immigrants from around the globe were fleeing crop failures, shortages of land and jobs, rising taxes, famine, and escaping religious or political persecution. Immigrants from around the globe were fleeing crop failures, shortages of land and jobs, rising taxes, famine, and escaping religious or political persecution.

19. Immigrants Hopes and Dreams 1860- In U.S resident population was 31.5 million people. 1860- In U.S resident population was 31.5 million people. Between 1865 and 1920 close to how many additional people entered the country? Between 1865 and 1920 close to how many additional people entered the country?

20. Reasons for immigration I. Push Factors- Conditions that drive people from their homes describe and give an example. describe and give an example. Faced hostility from Christian neighbors and government. Limited places to live. America offered freedom!

21. II. Pull Factors- conditions that attract immigrants to a new area describe describe

22. III. The Long Voyage A. describe their voyage

23. Arriving in America Historians estimate that about 10 million immigrants arrived between 1865 and 1890. Historians estimate that about 10 million immigrants arrived between 1865 and 1890. Where did they come from? Describe the pattern change in 1890s. Where did they come from? Describe the pattern change in 1890s.

24. Immigrants entered the United States through several port cities. Immigrants entered the United States through several port cities. European newcomers might come through Boston, Philadelphia, or Baltimore. European newcomers might come through Boston, Philadelphia, or Baltimore. Asians might enter through San Francisco or Seattle. Asians might enter through San Francisco or Seattle. Yet more than 70 percent of all immigrants came through where? Yet more than 70 percent of all immigrants came through where?

25. 1892- Europeans arrived in New York City- saw the Statue of Liberty, stopped at Ellis Island- where they had to pass a medical inspection

26. Where Immigrants Settled Once settled, immigrants looked for work. Once settled, immigrants looked for work. When jobs were scarce, employers (many of whom were immigrants themselves) took advantage of the newcomers. When jobs were scarce, employers (many of whom were immigrants themselves) took advantage of the newcomers. paid less (women even less than the men) paid less (women even less than the men)

27. Ghettos Define. Define. Why did they chose to live like this? Why did they chose to live like this? Restricted covenants were what? How did they come in to play? Restricted covenants were what? How did they come in to play?

28. Immigrants From Asia Most of the immigrants who entered the United States through West Coast ports came from where? Who formed the largest groups? Most of the immigrants who entered the United States through West Coast ports came from where? Who formed the largest groups? Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Describe this. What did it state and why was it developed? Describe this. What did it state and why was it developed?

29. Japanese Restricted By 1920 some 200,000 Japanese immigrants had arrived in the United States through West Coast ports. Most Japanese settled in the Los Angeles area, and soon they were producing a large percentage of southern California's fruits and vegetables. By 1920 some 200,000 Japanese immigrants had arrived in the United States through West Coast ports. Most Japanese settled in the Los Angeles area, and soon they were producing a large percentage of southern California's fruits and vegetables. Labor unions and the political leaders who supported them fought to stop Japanese immigration. Labor unions and the political leaders who supported them fought to stop Japanese immigration. President Theodore Roosevelt reached a compromise with Japanese officials in 1907. President Theodore Roosevelt reached a compromise with Japanese officials in 1907. describe. describe.

30. Immigration from Mexico When the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 limited immigration from Europe and Asia, labor shortages again drew Mexicans across the border. When the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 limited immigration from Europe and Asia, labor shortages again drew Mexicans across the border. 1925- Los Angeles largest Spanish speaking population. 1925- Los Angeles largest Spanish speaking population.