2. Page Design

3. Overall design issues u Know audience expectations u Know client expectations u Maintain a consistent look and feel u Consider how each page will look before starting the work. –Each page must be part of a whole –Prevents having the 1 page that looks awkward

4. Design points u Audience needs come first –What are audience goals and information needs u Obvious organization -- lead the reader –Informative headings –Enough white space to show structure

5. Design to draw reader in u How does it look at 10 feet? A well designed document will look good at a distance, even though you can’t read the text. A poorly designed document will become a gray blob. u Which of these two pages would you want to read?

6. Align with tabs, not spaces

7. Lists

8. Why use lists u Lists help the reader find information easier and also improves later recall of the information on the list. u The white space that surrounds the list also helps give the page a less dense appearance.

9. Types of list u Bullet lists –unordered items u Numbered lists –when order matters u Simple lists –short lists

10. Items for a bullet list u advice or examples u conclusions and recommendations u criteria for evaluation u errors to avoid u materials and equipment for a procedure u parts of a mechanism

11. Numbered List 1.materials and equipment for a procedure 2.parts of a mechanism 3.steps or events in a sequence

12. Simple List materials and equipment for a procedure parts of a mechanism steps or events in a sequence

13. Combining list types

14. List questions u What determines if you should use a bullet list or a numbered list? u What list would you use for the following: –To program your VCR for recording: –Tools required to change the fuel pump: –We believe more parking spaces are needed: –To prepare the the sauce for the cake: –For a longer life, eat these fruits:

15. Format lists properly u Adjust the tabs. Word defaults are poor. u Use bullets. Never a dash or asterisk.

16. Poor hotel information u all corporate approved hotels in Charleston and Columbia –Charleston: Best Western 555-096153 –Charleston: Days Inn 555-139348 –Charleston: Holiday Inn 555-239563 –Columbia: Best Western 555-940059 –Columbia: Carolina Inn 555-828277

17. Better hotel information u all corporate approved hotels in Charleston and Columbia –CityHotelPhoneRates –CharlestonBest Western555-096153 –CharlestonDays Inn555-139348 –CharlestonHoliday Inn555-239563 –ColumbiaBest Western555-940059 –ColumbiaCarolina Inn555-828277

18. End

19. Fonts

20. Serif and sans serif fonts u Serifs are the tails on the letters u Serif leads the eye from letter to letter u At large font sizes, the serifs get too big

21. Sans serif fonts Note varying line weights on Optima

22. Serif fonts

23. Display fonts

24. Font tone u Each font carries a visual tone that affects how the reader reacts to the text u Can be

25. Letter sizes of various fonts u Actual letter size varies between fonts u This can make a font more or less readable All 72 point fonts

26. Length of 1 alphabet

27. Proportional fonts u Each letters gets the space proportional to the amount it needs u I gets less space than M

28. Non-proportional fonts u Each letters gets the same space u I gets exactly as much space as M

29. Which is which iiiiiiiiiiiiiii MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM iiiiiiiiiiiiiii MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM All four lines have 15 letters.

30. Which is which - answer iiiiiiiiiiiiiii non-proportional MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM iiiiiiiiiiiiiii proportional MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM All four lines have 15 letters.

31. Type anatomy u Points u x height u Body size u Baseline

32. Paragraph formatting

33. Technical paragraph style u No first line indent u Single spaced u Blank line between paragraphs

34. Technical paragraph formatting

35. Line spacing u Also called Leading u Double or 1.5 is usually too much u Can be set in small increments u Some fonts look better with slightly more leading u Small changes can have large effect on document length

36. Line spacing examples 12 pt 15 pt 18 pt

37. Line spacing 12 pt 10 pt 8 pt

38. Blank line between paragraphs u Use your tools, not extra returns

39. Text justification u Four options – Justified left, ragged right – Full justified – Ragged left, justified right – Centered

40. Left justified, ragged right u Easiest to read u Broken right edge helps eye remain oriented u Gives overall page a distinct shape for later recall

41. Full justified u Both left and right hand sides are justified u Not as easy to read u Page lacks distinct shape u Most publishers use this u Word processors are bad at good justification

42. Ragged left, justified right u Hard for eye to find new line u Only use for special effects u Never use for large text blocks

43. Centered u Hard to read u Eye can’t find new line u Use for special effect u Each line should stand alone

44. Line length u Best line is about 2 alphabets long – Actual length varies depending on the font u Too short, the eye is always doing a “fly back” u Too long, the eye gets lost on the “fly back” u Longer lines require more line spacing

45. Line length and paragraph width u If the material will be scanned for specific information, indent the text from the headings. u Longer page count = $$

46. Line length and paragraph width u If the text will be read in long blocks, align the text with the headings. u Saves page count

47. Hanging indents u First line flush and rest are indented u Useful for definition lists u Tips for the word processor – Set tab properly – Define hanging indent. – Never try to use hard returns and spaces.

48. Setting the hanging indent

49. Setting line spacing

50. Widows and orphans

51.  Heading at bottom of page One line of paragraph at top of a page  Don’t let them happen  During final pass, add hard page breaks or adjust leading/kerning

52. Widows and orphans

53. Margins

54. ? Size of margin affects – Readability (line length) – Page appearance (how dense) ? Margin widths – Top can be smaller than bottom (2 lines) – Allow proper space for binding margin

55. Margins ? Even and odd pages can vary

56. Margins in Word  Margins are a section setting  Each setting can have different margins  File-Page Setup

57. Scholars margin u Wide blank margin on the page u Allows notes either from the author or from the reader u Helps keep line length optimal u Very hard to do in Word

58. Scholars margin

59. Examples for analysis

65. End