1. Coastal Erosion in Southern California Enhanced by the 1997-1998 El Niño By Zachary Moody

2. Outline  Background on Erosion  Background on 1997-1998 El Niño  Measuring Coastal Erosion  LiDAR Technology  Case Examples from 1997-1998  Human Involvement

4. Typical California Coastline

5. 1997-1998 El Niño

6. 1997-1998 El Niño Global Effects  Began earlier than normal and peaked in January  Temperatures >4 o than normal in eastern Pacific and in some areas >9 o  Drought and wildfires in Indonesia  Increased number of hurricanes off of Mexico’s coast  2100 deaths and $33 billion in property damage worldwide www.cnn.com/WEATHER/9708/20/el.nino/

7. 1997-1998 El Niño Effects in the United States  Killer tornadoes in the Southeast U.S.  Massive blizzards in the upper Midwest U.S.  Flooding in the Ohio river valley  California received 2x the normal rainfall which caused flooding and landslides El Niño related landslides along the California coast. http://elnino.wr.usgs.gov/

8. El Niño Impacts Larger and More Violent Storms  More Powerful Waves  Greater Coastal Erosion

9. http://pdphoto.org/PictureDetail.php?pg=5558

10. Measuring Coastal Erosion Methods:  Surveys  Aerial Photography  Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)

11. LiDAR  Scanning Laser  Stream of Light Pulses Emitted Side-to-Side  Acquires Location and Elevation Data  GPS Receivers and Satellites used to indicate location as data is collected

12. LiDAR Advantages  Saves Time, Money, and Manpower  Greater Coverage Area  Water Depth Information  Integrated with GPS/GIS  Capable of mapping steeped sloped regions, shadowed areas, and inaccessible areas (such as mud flats and ocean jetties).

13. 1997-1998 El Niño Effects in Southern California

14. Monty Hampton, USGS January, 1998 February 1998

15. Sea cliffs in Pacifica, CA  13 meters of cliff erosion in one year  1997-98 El Niño accounted for about 50 years of cliff erosion at this location  12 houses were condemned  7 were undercut and fell into the ocean

16. Southern Pacifica Northern Pacifica http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/lidar/AGU_fall98/

17. Analyzing LiDAR Data Landslides Longshore Transport Overwash River Breakthrough

18. San Diego 1

19. 2 October, 1997 April, 1998 http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/lidar/AGU_fall98/display.html

20. San Diego 3

21. Ventura 1

22. 2 October, 1997 April, 1998 http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/lidar/AGU_fall98/display.html

23. Human Interaction  Erosion is a natural process that is inevitable. Humans can intervene but this only deters erosion to alternate areas.  Examples -Jetties-Seawalls-Groins -Beach Renourishment

24. Questions? Sources  Griggs, G.B. (2002). Coastal Cliff Erosion in San Diego County. Sea Grant California Coastal Ocean Research, R/CZ-157: 3.1.1998-6.30.1999  Sallenger Jr. A.H. et al. (2002). Sea-cliff erosion as a function of beach changes and extreme wave runup during the 1997-1998 El Niño. Marine Geology 187, no.3-4 p. 279-297  Storlezzi C.D. and Griggs G.B. (2000). Influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on the evolution of Central California's shoreline. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 112, no.2 p. 236-249  http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/lidar (2/20/07) http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/lidar  http://www.geotimes.org/nov03/feature_LIDAR.html (2/20/07) http://www.geotimes.org/nov03/feature_LIDAR.html  http://www.woolpert.com/asp/articles/New_LiDAR_Technology.asp (2/20/07) http://www.woolpert.com/asp/articles/New_LiDAR_Technology.asp  http://www.cnn.com/WEATHER/9712/06/el.nino.storm/index.html (2/20/07) http://www.cnn.com/WEATHER/9712/06/el.nino.storm/index.html