1. Ancient Asia

2. Ancient India Geography Himalayas separate India and China
Hindu Kush Mountains do not provide complete isolation because of mountain passes
Monsoons (seasonal winds that bring rain) drenching the western coast
2 River Valleys
Indus
Ganges

3. Ancient India
While Egypt were building pyramids, India were planning cities along the Indus River
Harappa
Mohenjo-Daro

4. Ancient India and Sumer
Both shared the flooding of their rivers
Both traded with each other around the time of Sargon of Akkad (found Indian seals in Sumer)
Both had polytheistic religions

5. Ancient India Cities Fortified walls Very gridlike layout of cities
Created by oven-baked bricks
Plumbing systems rivaling 19th century cities

6. Ancient India
Early civilization on the Indus River eventually ended and no one knows why

7. Aryans

8. Aryans
A group of Indo-Europeans called Aryans invaded India by the use of the Khyber Pass

9. Aryans start game Caste System- social class structure 4 classes
Determines role in society
Permanent member of that caste
Cannot move up from your caste
4 classes
Top is Priests (Brahmins)
Second is Rulers and Warriors (Kshatriyas)
Third is Peasants and Traders (Vaishyas)
Last is Laborers (Shudras)
Untouchables outside of caste
Their touch would endanger the Hindus (pariah)

10. Aryans Religion Hinduism Oldest Religion and polytheistic
Bible is the Vedas
Upanishads written later to help explain Vedas

11. Aryans 3 gods and you get to choose which you worship Brahma (creator)
Vishnu (protector)
Shiva (destroyer)

12. Aryans Reincarnation or rebirth of the soul
Karma-total good or bad deeds in your lifetime
Decides where you go in your next life

13. Aryans Literature Mahabharata 106,000 verses= longest single poem
Written language = sanskrit
Epics-moral story

14. Aryans Jainism Founded by Mahavira
Everything has a soul and should not be harmed=nonviolence

15. Aryans
Buddhism
Created by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

16. Aryans Goal-Reach enlightenment (wisdom) Know 4 Noble Truths
Everything in life is suffering and sorrow
Cause of suffering is people’s desire for temporary pleasure
Way to end suffering is to end desire
To overcome desire follow the Eightfold Path
Follow the Eightfold Path to reach Nirvana (release of selfishness and pain)

17. Aryans Believed in reincarnation and cycle world
Women could be Buddhists, but Buddha feared women’s presence would distract the men

19. China

20. China Geography Surrounded by the Himalayas Gobi Desert Pacific Ocean
Civilization started on the Huang He (Yellow) River

21. China Xia is a mythical dynasty under Yu who controlled flooding
No records exists of this dynasty
Shang Dynasty was the 1st dynasty recorded and their capital was Anyang

22. China Social Family was most important in Chinese society
Elder men controlled family life
Girls have arranged marriages at 13-16
Spirits of their ancestors helped or hindered the family depending on how much you respect them

23. China Writing 1st Writing was carving on bones or tortoise shells
Later Chinese writing started using characters for ideas (one could read Chinese and not speak it)=10,000 characters

24. China Technology Shang had bronze for tools and weapons
Shang also made silk

25. China Zhou Dynasty took over from the Shang
Started the Mandate of Heaven (divine approval for just Chinese rulers)
Dynastic Cycle formed-rise, decline, and replacement of Chinese dynasties

27. China Zhou became weak = period of Warring States
This is 500 yrs of fighting for the Mandate of Heaven

28. China Scholar Confucius urged harmony during the warring years
He started Confucianism which is a social order

29. China Confucianism Talks about the 5 relationships
Ruler and subject
Father and son
Husband and wife
Older brother and younger brother
Friend and friend
Told how to govern wisely
His lessons were put in Analects by his students

30. China Started bureaucracy (trained civil service)
Education was very important

31. China Daoism Created by Laozi who wrote The Way of Virtue
His belief was “the Way” guides all things
No right or wrong, good or bad because those arguments are pointless

32. China
Yin and Yang
Two opposite forces that compliment each other

33. China Legalism Highly efficient and powerful government
Use punishment to enforce laws
Burn books that tell people to criticize the government

34. China
Qin Dynasty under Shi Huangdi (first emperor) reconquered China

35. China
With executions, uprooting of noble families Shi Huangdi unified China
Started autocracy (government where ruler has unlimited power and uses it)

36. China
He also built the Great Wall to protect China from invaders from the north (1400 miles long)

37. China
Shi Huangdi died and the Qin dynasty with him