2. Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Photography Copyright D.Bausch. Public Domain Access Granted.

3. Structure and Function Bacteria are prokaryotes Bacteria are prokaryotes Unlike eukaryotic animal cells, bacteria have cell walls. Unlike eukaryotic animal cells, bacteria have cell walls. Bacteria also have circular DNA called plasmids, which is NOT enclosed in a nucleus as eukaryotic animal DNA is. Bacteria also have circular DNA called plasmids, which is NOT enclosed in a nucleus as eukaryotic animal DNA is. If bacteria encounter periods of low water, low nutrients, intense heat, intense cold, or a high level of poisons they are able to form endospores, which are capsules that protect them from these harsh conditions. If bacteria encounter periods of low water, low nutrients, intense heat, intense cold, or a high level of poisons they are able to form endospores, which are capsules that protect them from these harsh conditions.

4. Types of Nutrition Bacteria can obtain nutrients in several different ways and are classified as one of the following types of feeders: Bacteria can obtain nutrients in several different ways and are classified as one of the following types of feeders: Heterotroph: obtain their nutrients by consuming other organisms. This includes saprobes, bacteria that feed on decaying material and organic wastes, as well as those that live as parasites, absorbing nutrients from living organisms. Heterotroph: obtain their nutrients by consuming other organisms. This includes saprobes, bacteria that feed on decaying material and organic wastes, as well as those that live as parasites, absorbing nutrients from living organisms. Photoautotroph: are photosynthetic (use sunlight and carbon dioxide to form sugars) Photoautotroph: are photosynthetic (use sunlight and carbon dioxide to form sugars) Photoheterotroph: can obtain nutrients in the way that heterotrophs or photoautotrophs do Photoheterotroph: can obtain nutrients in the way that heterotrophs or photoautotrophs do Chemoheterotroph: obtains energy through chemical reactions involving chemicals and minerals Chemoheterotroph: obtains energy through chemical reactions involving chemicals and minerals Photography Copyright D.Bausch. Public Domain Access Granted.

5. Types of Environments Depending on the species, bacteria can be aerobic which means they require oxygen to live or Depending on the species, bacteria can be aerobic which means they require oxygen to live or anaerobic which means oxygen is deadly to them. anaerobic which means oxygen is deadly to them. Photography Copyright D.Bausch. Public Domain Access Granted.

6. Archaebacteria

7. Types of Archaebacteria: Methanogens These Archaebacteria are anaerobes. They make methane (natural gas) as a waste product. They are found in swamp sediments, sewage, and in buried landfills. They have been be used to produce methane fuel as a by product of sewage treatment and landfill operations. Para. Retrieved on July.24.2010 from http://www.wikicommons.com. Public Domain Access.

8. Types of Archaebacteria: Halophiles Types of Archaebacteria: Halophiles These are salt-loving bacteria that grow in places like the Great Salt Lake of Utah or salt ponds on the edge of San Francisco Bay. Halophiles are aerobes which use oxygen to convert the energy stored in their food into usable energy for their cell processes. Gendou. Retrieve on July.24.2010 from http://www.wikicommons.com. Public Domain Access.

9. Types of Archaebacteria: Thermophiles These are Archaebacteria from hot springs and other high temperature environments. Some can survive in environments which are hotter than the boiling temperature of water. They are anaerobes, performing anaerobic respiration without oxygen. Wingchi. Retrieved on July.25.2010 from http://www.wikicommons.com. Public Domain Access.

10. Types of Archaebacteria: Thermophiles Thermophiles are interesting because they contain genes for heat-stable enzymes that are of great value. An example is taq polymerase, an enzyme that is used to make large numbers of copies of a DNA sequences in a DNA sample. This process is called Polymerase Chain Reaction and is a very important technology used in medicine, biotechnology, and biological research. Wingchi. Retrieved on July.25.2010 from http://www.wikicommons.com. Public Domain Access.

11. Eubacteria

12. Types of Eubacteria: Cyanobacteria Types of Eubacteria: Cyanobacteria This is a group of bacteria that includes some that are single cells and some that are chains of cells. You may have seen them as "green slime" in your aquarium or in a pond. Cyanobacteria are aerobes which can perform photosynthesis. It is believed that plants developed their ability to perform photosynthesis by inheriting the ability from the cyanobacteria when the eukaryotic cells of plants engulfed prokaryotic cyanobacteria.

13. Cyanobacteria were the first organisms on Earth to perform photosynthesis and they made the first oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere. Vojtech.dostal. Retrieved on July.24.2010 from http://www.wikicommons.com. Public Domain Access.

14. Types of Eubacteria: Actinomycetes Bacteria are often thought of as the causes of human and animal disease. However, certain bacteria, the actinomycetes, produce valuable antibiotics such as streptomycin and nocardicin. Bacteria are often thought of as the causes of human and animal disease. However, certain bacteria, the actinomycetes, produce valuable antibiotics such as streptomycin and nocardicin.

15. Types of Eubacteria: Symbionts Other bacteria live symbiotically in the guts of animals or elsewhere in their bodies. Other bacteria live symbiotically in the guts of animals or elsewhere in their bodies. For example, bacteria in your gut produce vitamin K which is essential for blood clot formation. For example, bacteria in your gut produce vitamin K which is essential for blood clot formation.

16. Other bacteria live in nodules on the roots of certain plants, converting nitrogen into a form that is useable by the plant. In return, the bacteria receives nutrients from the plant. Ninjatacoshell. Retrieved on July.24.2010 from http://www.wikicommons.com. Public Domain Access.

17. Importance of Eubacteria Bacteria put the tang in yogurt and the sour in sourdough bread. Bacteria put the tang in yogurt and the sour in sourdough bread. Saprobes help to break down dead organic matter. Saprobes help to break down dead organic matter. Bacteria make up the base of the food web in many environments. Bacteria make up the base of the food web in many environments.

18. Reproductive Strategies of Archaebacteria and Eubacteria One way that bacteria reproduce is through Binary Fission or budding. During this process the single strand of DNA in the bacteria is copied to produce another strand of DNA, and the cell divides into two cells. Each of the two cells now has one identical strand of DNA.

19. Reproductive Strategies of Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Another form of bacterial reproduction is conjugation. In conjugation, two bacterial cells meet and transfer genetic material through a pilus.

20. Shapes of Bacteria