Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market
2
Types of Overexploitation
Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation Indirect exploitation Pet and garden market
3
Commercial exploitation
Potential market for wild products is enormous Given market, people will exploit wild species for financial gain Domestic substitutes for wild products are not identical in value Market price for wild products increases as product becomes rarer Wild resources are communal resources owned by no one or everyone
4
Morel Mushrooms for Sale
5
Coral harvested for jewelry
6
Rhinoceros exploitation
7
Rhino horn Products – Dagger market in Yemen
8
Rhino Horn in Traditional Medicine
9
Wild Blueberries
10
Wild Salmon
11
Egret plumes and feathered hat
12
Tragedy of the Commons
13
Japanese Whaling Ships
14
Subsistence exploitation
15
Subsistence Fishing
16
Ojibway wild rice harvesting
17
Recreational exploitation
18
Hunting as Recreation
19
Shell Collection
20
Gordon Alcorn
21
Photographic safari
22
Cheetah on Land Rover
23
Dive boat damage to coral reefs
24
Incidental exploitation
25
Trawling
26
Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle
27
Shrimp net with TED – turtle exclusion device
28
Indirect exploitation
29
Overgrazing
30
Domestic cats preying on small birds
31
Pet and Garden Market
32
Gray Parrots in Smuggler’s Crate
33
Tropical Fish for Aquarium Trade
34
Cactus Market
35
Saguaro Cactus
36
Consequences of Overexploitation
Population Effects - Reduction in population size - Age structure - Sex ratio - Genetic structure 2. Ecosystem Effects
37
Age Structure: A – fish in typical population B – fish taken by fishing
38
Sex Ratios – The Fisher
39
Fisher Distribution
40
Genetic Structure – Coho Salmon
41
Genetic Structure – Coho Salmon
43
Ecosystem Structure – Loss of Large Trees
44
Giant Redwood
45
Redwood Forest in the Air
46
Planting Sequoias
47
Ecosystem Structure – Loss of Snags
48
Loss of Keystone Species - Sea Otter with Sea Urchin
50
Loss of Keystone Species - Glyptodont
51
Maclura pomifera – Osage Orange
52
Exotic Species
53
Mrs. Black Horse, Cheyenne Nation, and dog travois
55
American Chestnut
56
Cracking From Chestnut Blight
57
Exotic Species Conservation biologists typically call introduced species “exotic species” - species which live outside their natural range Botanists typically refer to exotic plants as alien species Other terms you may see include biological invaders, introduced species, invasive species, non-indigenous species, non-native species (my preferred term)
58
How Do Exotic Species Get Dispersed?
1. Stowaways 2. Subsistence and Commerce Recreation Whimsy or aesthetics Science Biological Control
59
Norway Rat as ship rat
60
Earthworms and pre-exotic distribution
Lumbricus terrestris
61
Cars transport seeds via mud stuck to car
62
Ballast Water Discharge
65
Commerce and Subsistence
66
Commerce and Subsistence
67
Monterey Pine
68
Blue Gum Eucalyptus
69
Feral Pig - Florida
70
Bighead Carp
71
Carp Jumping
72
Recreation - Brown Trout
73
Ring-necked Pheasant
74
Chukar
75
Red Deer – New Zealand
76
Whimsy or Aesthetics – European Starling
77
House Sparrow
78
Exotic plants in New Zealand
Native flora of 2065 species 24,774 documented introduced alien species About 2200 exotics have become established (naturalized)
79
Multiflora Rose
80
Tree of Heaven - Ailanthus
Light blue – counties where Ailanthus is present
81
Scotch Broom
82
Walking Catfish
83
Cherry Headed Conures in San Francisco
84
Monk Parrots – Chicago, Harold Washington Park and Hyde Park
85
Science - Gypsy Moth
87
Africanized Honey Bees
88
Movement of Africanized Honey Bees
89
Movement of Africanized Honey Bees
90
Biocontrol
91
Klamath Weed – aka – St. John’s Wort
92
Chrysolina beetle
93
Prickly Pear Hedge - Tunisia
94
Prickly pear in Australia – before control
95
Cactoblastis cactorum
96
Prickly pear – same location after control
97
Red Fox - Australia With native Bobuck possum
98
Red fox - Australia
Similar presentations
