1. Ocean Life “Producers” G.Burgess 2009.

2. Plankton Types: –Zooplankton –Phytoplankon Plankton, http://askville.amazon.com/microbes-glow-night-surface-ocean- waters-bioluminescent- plankton/AnswerDetails.do?requestId=7468874&responseId=7469029, accessed Dec.1, 2009.http://askville.amazon.com/microbes-glow-night-surface-ocean- waters-bioluminescent- plankton/AnswerDetails.do?requestId=7468874&responseId=7469029

3. Zooplankton Animal-like single celled creatures Plankton is classified by size, and life cycle Single celled for life: holoplankton Single celled for larvae: meroplankton Smallest are protozoans Larvae (egg size) are microplankton Larger are macroplankton Largest (jelly fish) are megaplankton Comb jellyfish, http://i.livescience.com/images/ig46_sea_Comb _Jelly_02.jpg, accessed Dec.1, 2009 http://i.livescience.com/images/ig46_sea_Comb _Jelly_02.jpg Copepoda. http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/open- ocean, accessed Dec.1, 2009.http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/open- ocean

4. Phytoplankton Single celled algae –Diatoms: yellow-green with intricate shell Elongated: pleurosigma Wheel shaped: coscinodiscus –Dinoflagellates: have two flagella for moving Chaetocerus: have setae for joining other chaetocera to form chains or sheets of colonies These are the major producers of the ocean –They perform photosynthesis to convert the sun’s energy to simple sugars Phytoplankton, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phytoplankton_Lake_ Chuzenji.jpg, accessed Ddec.1, 2009. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phytoplankton_Lake_ Chuzenji.jpg

5. Algae Present along the coastlines/ inshore regions Not found in open ocean Multicellular Producer: base organism on food chain. Types: green/red/brown

6. Green algae Have lots of chlorophyll: photosynthesis Most abundant in freshwater but some salt water Found in intertidal zone where light is plentiful adaptations for surviving with out water when tide is out; –Sea lettuce: dries out during low tide, yet stays alive –Cladophora: grow filaments to trap sand and water during low tide Sea Lettuce. Sea Weeds of Alaska, http://www.seaweedsofalaska.com/species.asp ?SeaweedID=, accessed Dec.1, 2009. http://www.seaweedsofalaska.com/species.asp ?SeaweedID

7. Red Algae are algae that are able to grow at slightly greater depths all contain phycoerythrin, a pigment that absorbs blue light and is what alows the greater depth adaptations: –Coraline red algae: calcified sections that give protection from pounding waves in surf. –Pepper dulce: makes chemicals so that it is bitter to herbivores Coraline red algae, monterey bay aquarium, http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/AnimalDetails.as px?id=780025, accessed Dec.1, 2009. http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/AnimalDetails.as px?id=780025

8. Brown algae all brown algae contain fucoxanthin (brown pigment) adaptations: –Rock weed: tolerates drying out and has air bladders for keeping it afloat –Kelp: holdfast for holding onto rocks in waves Rockweed, Taxonomy, http://www.williamsclass.com/SixthScienceWork/Classificatio n/ClassificationNotes/ClassificationNotes.htm, accessed Dec.1, 2009. http://www.williamsclass.com/SixthScienceWork/Classificatio n/ClassificationNotes/ClassificationNotes.htm

9. Flowering Plants Flowering plants were once terrestrial (on land) All flowering plants have roots, stem/ trunk, leaves, flowers All require near direct sunlight Adaptations: –Mangrove trees: specialized cells that regulate the flow of water and salt into the plant Prop roots keep the tree up right in soft muddy bottoms –Sea grasses: Cells are able to excrete excess salt