1. Announcements Closed toe shoes or booties for this lab!! LLELA field data Return Labs and dust bowl papers Mini Paper on Dead Zone Due next week Oct 21 Question #3 on Page #71 Next Week Movie and LLELA review Next Quiz October 28 th Land Use & Resource Management, Soil, Water Quality, WWTP Trip, Estrogen Effect movie (Assault on the Male)

2. Water Quality and Pollution

3. Water Distribution

4. Water distribution cont’d..

5. Fig: Hydrologic Cycle

6. Uneven distribution of water across Earth Population density Renewability Sustainability Water scarcity Water quantity and quality Communicable diseases Eutrophication Water Issues and Challenges

7. Types of water pollution Point Sources: Pollution come from single location, eg: municipal WWTP discharge, pipe, ditch, factory Easy to identify. Non-point Sources: Pollution come from multiple sites over large areas, eg: pesticides, fertilizer runoff from farms, oil from city streets, forest runoff etc. Difficult to identify.

8. Eutrophication:

9. Water Quality Analysis Safe Drinking Water Act, 1974 EPA sets standards for 90 contaminants Water Quality Standards Primary standards: legally enforceable and aim to protect public health by limiting the level of the contaminant in drinking water. Secondary standards: are NOT legally enforceable. Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level Goal(MCLG): The level of contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected health risk Important!!!

10. Physico-chemical Parameters Turbidity: cloudiness (NTU=Nepholometric Turbidity Unit) Nitrates: fertilizer, runoff, death to infant, 10mg/L Iron: toxic to humans, 0.3mg/L Phosphorous: not currently regulated by EPA, fertilizer, sewage Copper: gastrointestinal problem, 1.3mg/L Ammonia: not currently regulated by EPA; toxic to aquatic organisms, 0.02mg/L Silica: not currently regulated by EPA, rocks, diatom cells Sulfide: not currently regulated by EPA, coal, oil, acid Chlorine: disinfectant, irritations, stomach discomfort,4 mg/L Cynide: steel, metal, plastic, fertilizer factories, nerve and thyroid, 0.2mg/L Chromium: steel, pulp mills, allergic dermatitis, 0.1mg/L pH: natural water 6-8 Table 1: Summary of Basic Water Quality Parameters (+/-)

11. Treatment Temperature ( 0 C) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) Heated Pond water Room Temperature Pond Water Cold Pond Water Heated Pond Water with Fertilizer Room Temperature Pond Water with Fertilizer Cold Pond Water with Fertilizer Table 2: Summary Results for Dissolved Oxygen Levels (mg/L)

13. Hypothesis H1: The aquarium with cold water and no fertilizer will have a different level of dissolved oxygen compared to the other treatments. H 0 : The aquarium with cold water and no fertilizer will NOT have a different level of dissolved oxygen compared to the other treatments.