1. Imperialism
in North Africa

2. North Africa
North Africa Coast is made up of 4 Muslim States: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia Libya and Egypt.

3. Algeria Home of the Barbary Pirates
~ French complain about the Barbary Pirates.

4. Algeria The Algerian Ruler hits the French Consul with a fly swatter.
Becomes a national insult to the French and they use it as an excuse to move troops into Algeria.

5. Algeria
Pirates raid and sink merchant ships and give France an excuse to intervene.

6. Algeria
France invades Algeria to stop pirates and finds rich land; export farm products, wine and meat.

7. Algeria
French take over the best land and develop businesses on the Mediterranean.

8. Morocco Very strategic location Control the Straits of Gibraltar
Open to the Mediterranean

10. Morocco Good for Trade Re-supply Ships Time of War Western border to
Algeria
France also takes
control of Morocco

11. Competition
European rivalries flared in North Africa because of the strategic importance of the countries on the Mediterranean and proximity to Europe.
France calls a conference in Algiers with other powers to determine protectorates.

12. Algiers Conference Spain ----- Spanish Morocco
France Algeria, Tunisia
Italy Libya
Britain Egypt, Cyprus, Sudan
Germany Gets Nothing, gets really upset until France gives them Southwest Africa

13. Tunisia Poor backward nation
The leader constantly borrows money and is always in debt.
Britain and France both interested in Tunisia
They strike a deal and France gets Tunisia, Britain gets island of Cyprus

14. Tunisia Tunisia situation brings out 2 characteristics of Imperialism:
1. Dangerous rivalry among European
Powers
2. Using “loans” and “incidents” to justify
adding territories

15. Tunisia
The Suez Canal is sold by Egypt to the British because the Egyptians needed money.
The Suez Canal gave the British a short cut for trade from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea in order to reach India faster.

16. Suez Canal
This short cut gives the British a huge advantage over other European powers.

17. Sub-Sahara Africa

18. Belgian Congo Explored by Henry Stanley (British Reporter/Explorer)
Discovers Dr. David Livingstone
in the jungle

19. Belgian Congo
King Leopold II of Belgium annexed this territory as his personal property because he dreamed of controlling a vast African Empire

20. Belgian Congo
Stanley signed treaties with the natives for small gifts, tricking them into giving up their territories to Belgium. When they refused he imposed brutal force to get his way.

21. Belgian Congo
The most valuable resource in the Congo was rubber plants.
These plants were harvested on large plantations and sent back to Europe to be used in factories.

22. Belgian Congo
The Belgians set unrealistic quotas for rubber in the Congo.
If the Africans were caught stealing, trying to escape or missed their quotas they would have their hands chopped off.

24. Belgian Congo
Belgian Government took control in 1908 because of Leopold’s cruel treatment of the natives

25. Union of South Africa

26. Union of South Africa First settled by the Dutch called “Boers”
in 1632

27. Boers Similar to American pioneers  moved inland in covered wagons
Known as the “Great Trek”

28. Boers
Fought against the Zulu tribesmen instead of Indians

29. Boers
After gold and diamonds were discovered the British wanted the territory

30. Boer War
The Boer War was significant because it was one of the first European wars fought in separate country and with modern weapons.

31. Boer War
The British prevailed in the Boer War and took control of South Africa.

32. Cecil Rhodes
British Imperialist who became the Prime Minister of the Colony of South Africa.
He had a grand plan for British empire throughout the world.

33. Cecil Rhodes
Cecil Rhodes – British Imperialist believed that Britain should control all of Africa “From Cairo to Capetown”
He planned to build a railroad across the continent.