1. Section 2. Africa

2. Africa before Imperialism By 1880 only 10% in European hands Rivers not navigable until invention of steamboat By 1880 only 10% in European hands Rivers not navigable until invention of steamboat

3. “Dr. Livingston, I Presume”

4. David Livingstone (UK) minister exploring interior

5. Believed dead, found by reporter Henry Stanley (UK, USA) Story created interest in Africa Believed dead, found by reporter Henry Stanley (UK, USA) Story created interest in Africa

6. West Africa

7. Germany Britain takes Nigeria and Gold Coast Mostly French Germany Britain takes Nigeria and Gold Coast Mostly French

8. North Africa 1841 Muhammad Ali frees Egypt from Ottomans

9. Attempts to modernize Egypt

10. Suez Canal built by the French: Ferdinand de Leseppes (France)

11. connects Red to the Med

12. Egypt goes bankrupt 1882 Britain occupies Egypt Egypt goes bankrupt 1882 Britain occupies Egypt

13. Sudan Brits wanted to add Sudan to Egypt Revolt led by Muhammad Ahmad (the Mahdi) Brits wanted to add Sudan to Egypt Revolt led by Muhammad Ahmad (the Mahdi)

14. Khartoum British hero, General Charles Gordon and his army destroyed

15. 4 years later (1898), Brits took Sudan

16. Central Africa

17. Belgians take the Congo

18. East Africa

19. Germany and Britain compete

20. Berlin Conference 1884-85 14 European nations meet to draw up rules for colonization of Africa

21. Dutch settlers (Boers)--settle Cape Colony in 1652, gradually expand South Africa

22. English Take Cape Colony in 1800’s

23. Great Trek--Boers move inland to get away from English

24. http://www.kwazulu.co.uk/ Zulus--united in 1816 by Shaka, under British control by 1887

25. Zulu Camp 20,000 people

26. Boers battle Zulus

27. The British fight and defeat the Zulus http://www.movieposterclassics.com/images/BigZoulou.jpg

28. Boer War--diamonds discovered in new Boer Colonies At urging of Cecil Rhodes, Brits begin to take over Boer land

29. 1899--Boers take up arms Brits use concentration camps 1902 Boers surrender 1899--Boers take up arms Brits use concentration camps 1902 Boers surrender

30. Winston Churchill serves as a reporter and later as an officer in the Boer War http://www.sagolf.co.za/safari/winston.htm

31. New British colony named Rhodesia 1910 Brits created independent Union of South Africa Only whites could vote New British colony named Rhodesia 1910 Brits created independent Union of South Africa Only whites could vote

32. European rule in Africa Brits: indirect French: assimilation Others: direct Brits: indirect French: assimilation Others: direct

33. Ethiopia

34. King Menelik II Plays Europeans against each other Buys modern weapons

35. 1896 defeats Italians at Adowa

36. Becomes only African country to remain free except...

37. Liberia Which was protected by the USA

38. Impact of Colonial Rule

39. Better medicine, communications, sanitation, education Disease, famine, near slave work conditions Better medicine, communications, sanitation, education Disease, famine, near slave work conditions

40. Little industrial development National boundaries established regardless of ethnic boundaries (source of much warfare today) Little industrial development National boundaries established regardless of ethnic boundaries (source of much warfare today)

42. Intermission