1. Review of “Isms”

2. The belief that the history has been created by conflicting interests--the bourgeoisie and the proletariat Socialism

3. The belief that equality under the law and constitutionalism are paramount to good government Liberalism

4. Spreading of economic, political, social or other control over foreign lands and people (post-industrial age) Imperialism

5. Strong sense of belonging to one group based on language, culture, history; desire for unified country Nationalism

6. Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour Unifiers of Italy

7. Frederick Wilhelm, Otto von Bismarck Unifiers of Germany

8. Karl Marx, Frederick Engels Brains behind socialism

9. Alexis de Tocqueville Wrote “Democracy in America” Liberal theorist Supporter of Constitutional Monarchy Supporter of Reform not revolution

10. Positive view toward nature, human emotion, against Ind Rev Romanticism

11. Germany after Napoleon I 38 German State Confederation

12. Germany over last 300 years 300 Germans provinces and princes Holy Roman Empire Peace of Augsburg 30 Years War/Peace of Westphalia Rise of Prussia Hohenzollerns, Brandenburg Confederation of the Rhine German Confederation Who should lead—Big Germans, Small Germans

13. Herder’s romantic concept Volkgeist—spirit of the people

14. Other German romantic nationalists Grimms Brothers, Treischke, Fabri,

15. 1848 Revolution in Prussia sequence Frankfurt Assembly Attempt to unify Germans Disagree over Big/Small Germans Not organized Crown offered to FW IV Frederick William IV turns down crown German Confederation 39 states

16. Austria areas of revolution Vienna—constitution, liberal, German Prague—nationalist, Czechs/Bohemians, failed, government crushed Budapest—Magyars/Hungarians, Kossuth, March Laws, crushed after several months (1849)

17. Magyar leader Kossuth

18. Other revolutions 1830-1848 Greece Italy France—1830 deposed Chas X France—1848 Feb, June

19. Sardinia, Papal States, Austrian territories, Piedmont Before Italian Unification--all independent states Joined the Italian confederation

20. What other areas of the world have written about and fought for national identity? Greece, Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia, Chechnya, Taiwan, etc.

21. Slogan “Blood and Iron” Otto von Bismarck

22. Realpolitik means Do whatever is necessary to carry out goals; politics of reality Bismarck

23. French Revolution was this kind of revolution Liberal Revolution

24. 3 ways Italy was unified: Diplomacy War Public support

25. In order to unify Italy, Cavour allied with what country? France

26. Key imperialists: Stanley, Livingstone Kichener Rhodes DeBrazza Leopold II

27. Cecil Rhodes, Emigration Societies Rhodes was an British Imperialist Cairo to Capetown Railroad design Emigration Societies got men and women to go to colonies

28. South Africa, Egypt, India, Ghana, Nigeria English colonies gradual decolonization emphasized

29. Indochina, Algeria, Tunisia French colonies Assimilation emphasized Revolutions necessary to decolonize

30. Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico American “Spheres of Influence” After Spanish American War

31. Lenin believed it was the highest stage of Capitalism Imperialism due to industrialism Need for markets and resources

32. Fascism is its worst enemy Liberalism Individual rights, constitutionalism

33. New imperialism is different from old colonialism in what way? Industrial age Need for markets and raw materials Highest stage of capitalism

34. Motivations for Imperialism… Raw materials and markets Civilizing mission Living space National power

35. Colonial Conflicts Sudan—Omduran—England, Muslims Fashoda—England v. France; N Africa Boer War—S. Africa; Eng v Dutch

36. Meeting where rules for splitting Africa created Berlin Conference 1885

37. Imperialism’s Affect on Women-- Need for talented women in the colonies Serve national needs of mother country Jill of all trades

38. Imperialism’s Affect on Indigenous people? Outside control of resources Outside control of economy and gov’t People begin to want independence

39. Africa was known as the Dark Continent--Why? Europeans did not know much about the interior of Africa Diseases and lack of maps/transportation kept them along coastal areas

40. True or False: Decolonization is the process of getting independence from imperialists True