1. H 2 S Pollution in Petroleum Industry

2. Hadi tavasoli Hadi tavasoli Mohammadreza sanavi Mohammadreza sanavi

3. The Petroleum Industry 1)Exploration and production 1)Exploration and production 2)Transportation 2)Transportation 3)Refining 3)Refining 4)Marketing 4)Marketing

4. fig1

5. Exploration and Production 1)Exploration and well-site preparation 1)Exploration and well-site preparation 2)Drilling 2)Drilling 3)Crude oil and gas processing 3)Crude oil and gas processing 4)Enhanced recovery 4)Enhanced recovery

6. fig4

7. Natural Gas Primarily of methane Primarily of methane 1)ethane 1)ethane Small quantities of 2)propane Small quantities of 2)propane 3)butan 3)butan Impurities:nitrogen,helium,carbon dioxide, Impurities:nitrogen,helium,carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide,mercaptans,wather hydrogen sulfide,mercaptans,wather

8. Condensible hydrocarbons are recoverd from the gas using: Condensible hydrocarbons are recoverd from the gas using: Absorption Absorption Refrigeration or gas expantion Refrigeration or gas expantion

9. Air Emissions Characterization 757 757

10. Vent Collection system The control efficiency of the collection system depends on the capture efficiency and how the collected gas is used or destroyed The control efficiency of the collection system depends on the capture efficiency and how the collected gas is used or destroyed

11. Refining

12. 766 766

13. Treating processes These processes are used to stabilize and upgrade petroleum products by separating them from less desirable products and by removing impurities. These processes are used to stabilize and upgrade petroleum products by separating them from less desirable products and by removing impurities.

14. Wastewater Treatment Containing H 2 S,ammonia,and oil is termed sour water Containing H 2 S,ammonia,and oil is termed sour water Depends on diversity of refinery Depends on diversity of refinery

15. SULFUR RECOVERY Very-high purity elemental sulfur is recovered as a by-product of the processing of crud oil and natural gas. Very-high purity elemental sulfur is recovered as a by-product of the processing of crud oil and natural gas. Crude oil contain 0.1% to 5.0% sulfur Crude oil contain 0.1% to 5.0% sulfur Natural gas contain 15% to 20% H 2 S or other sulfur compounds. Natural gas contain 15% to 20% H 2 S or other sulfur compounds.

16. Process Description 1)Gas scrubbing 1)Gas scrubbing 2)Sulfur recovery 2)Sulfur recovery 3)Incineration 3)Incineration

17. 420 420

18. 421 421

19. 422 422

20. Converting Hydrogen sulfide by the claus process 2 H 2 S + SO 2 =3 S + 2 H 2 O 2 H 2 S + SO 2 =3 S + 2 H 2 O

22. Making Hydrogen from Hydrogen Sulfide

23. Processing Natural Gas

24. A Natural Gas Processing Plant

25. Absorption Towers

26. Gas Processing Plant with Absorption Towers

27. Pipes and Absorption Towers

28. Gas Sweetening Plant