1. Natural Gas

2. What is Natural Gas Natural Gas: -A flammable material made from carbon and hydrogen formed in short chains. A nonrenewable fuel. eg. Methane, Propane How is it made? - Created when plant and animal bodies are exposed to high pressure and temperature for thousands of years

3. Natural Gas What do we use it for? -Heating (hot water tanks, etc.) -Cooking -Generate electricity -Vehicle Fuel -Manufacture plastics

4. Who Extracts it? (in cubic meter)

5. Sources of Natural Gas Coal Beds: Layers of rock that contain layers of coal. Coal = carbon fossilized Shale Beds: Trapped in shale rock Methane Clathrates: A solid compound made from a crystal that holds methane inside it.

6. Processes that make natural gas 1)Biogenic: (Bio = living, Genic = Made) Made from organisms, mainly bacteria and algae. - Sewage, Bogs, Marshes, Composts 2)Thermogenic:

7. Processes that make natural gas 1)Biogenic: (Bio = living, Genic = Made) Made from organisms, mainly bacteria. - Sewage, Bogs, Marshes, Composts 2)Thermogenic: Made from thousand year old dead animals and plants buried under layers of rocks under high pressure and temperature

8. Processing Natural Gas Processing: Removal of impurities leaving almost pure methane behind which is sold as natural gas Products that are released during processing: -Butane -Pentanes -Hydrogen sulfides -Carbon dioxide -Water -Helium

9. Shale Beds and Fracking

10. Shale Shale: A layers of mud and clay that was hardened over thousands of years. Where many fossils are found Shale Gas: Refers to the gas stuck in the layers of shale

11. Shale Gas and Hydraulic Fracking Removal of Gas from Shale Naturally: Releasing gas trapped in shale can be released by the natural fracturing of the shale layer. Artificially: Hydraulic Fracturing is used to break the layers of shale and release the gas. Methods commonly used in Canada and the US

12. Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic Fracturing: Breaking layers of shale to release the trapped natural gas Steps: 1)Locate shale beds 2)Set up a drilling rig 3)Drill to the shale layer

13. Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic Fracturing: Breaking layers of shale to release the trapped natural gas Steps: 1)Locate shale beds 2)Set up a drilling rig 3)Drill to the shale layer 4)Angle the drill so that it runs down the shale strip 5)Remove the drill and insert a pipe down the length of the hole

14. Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic Fracturing: Breaking layers of shale to release the trapped natural gas Steps: 1)Locate shale beds 2)Set up a drilling rig 3)Drill to the shale layer 4)Angle the drill so that it runs down the shale strip 5)Remove the drill and insert a pipe down the length of the hole 6)Insert a perforating devise that breaks holes in the end of the pipe

15. Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic Fracturing: Breaking layers of shale to release the trapped natural gas Steps: 1)Locate shale beds 2)Set up a drilling rig 3)Drill to the shale layer 4)Angle the drill so that it runs down the shale strip 5)Remove the drill and insert a pipe down the length of the hole 6)Insert a perforating devise that breaks holes in the end of the pipe 7)Force a mix of water, sand and chemicals into the line and out the holes 8)Water pressure breaks shale and releases trapped gas

16. How is Natural Gas made by living organisms: Algae Fuel: Algae are used to produce methane, Vegetable oil, Biodiesel, Bioethanol and Biogasoline. Benefits: -Can grow on land no suitable for other uses -Low impact on fresh water supply -Does produce CO2 but also uses CO2 to grow algae

17. Assignment Questions Next class: Gas Land