1. System Connectivity Merle P. Martin MIS Department CSU Sacramento

2. Acknowledgements t Dr. Russell Ching ( MIS Dept ) Source Materiel / Graphics t Edie Schmidt ( UMS ) - Graphic Design t Prentice Hall Publishing (Permissions) u Martin, Analysis and Design of Business Information Systems, 1995

3. Agenda t Basic Concepts t Delivery Systems t Open Systems t Distributed Systems t Overall Architecture

4. Basic Concepts t Definitions t Media t Topologies t Networks t Lines

5. Definitions t Channel: link by which data / voice linked t Speed: bits per second ( bps ) u baud rate u mbps - megabytes per second

6. Definitions ( cont. ) t Bandwith: range of frequencies u difference between lowest / highest frequency accommodated frequency accommodated on a single channel on a single channel at the same time at the same time t Broadband: more than one signal track over a comm. media at the same time

7. FrequencyFrequency TimeTime 11 00 11001111000000 TimeTime Digital Signal VoltageVoltage Analog Signal AmplitudeAmplitude VoltageVoltage

8. Data Communications AnalogSignalAnalogSignalDigitalSignalDigitalSignalDigitalSignalDigitalSignal PhoneLinesPhoneLines Modem

9. Asynchronous Transmission StartStart bitbit ParityParity bitbit StopStop bitbit One byte Synchronous Transmission TrailerTrailerHeaderHeaderDataData ParityParity bitbit Message Packet

10. Transmission Types t Coaxial cable u Fiber optics t Wireless u Microwave u Satellite u Cellular

11. Coaxial Cable

12. Microwave Transmission RepeaterRepeater Line of Sight

13. Satellite Transmission

14. Cellular Communication

15. Topologies t Ring t Bus t Star t Hierarchical

16. Network Topologies Ring

17. Bus

18. Star

19. Hierarchical

20. Issue Should a firm: stay at the forefront of telecomm technology lest it fall seriously behind OR let other firms go first and learn from their mistakes?

21. Delivery Systems t Network types t T1 lines t Network systems

22. t Local Area Network ( LAN) t Metropolitan Area Network ( MAN ) t Wide Area Network ( WAN ) t Internet Network Types

23. Local Area Network (LAN)

24. Wide Area Networks (WAN)

25. Internet t Outgrowth of ARPANET u Connect researchers working in the defense industry

26. T1 Lines t group of 24 voice grade lines t analog messages t 1.544 mbps t T2 through T4 lines

27. T-Carrier Bandwiths t T1 - 1.544 mbps u 24 voice circuits (vc) t T2 - 6.312 mbps; 96 vc t T3 - 44.736 mbps; 672 vc t T4 - 139.264 mbps; 4032 vc t T5 - ????

28. Open Systems Standardized interfaces that allow products to interoperate across multivendor systems

29. Open System Interconnection ( OSI) t International standard t Seven layers t Standards for each layer

30. Surround Development Tactic Surround Development Tactic A B C UNIX

31. Distributed Systems Enterprise-wide network of systems that use products from multiple vendors

32. Should You Distribute? t Wetherbe’s three questions t Are operations interdependent? u does one operation need to know what another operation is doing? u Walmart?

33. Should You Distribute? t Are businesses really homogeneous? u Fast Food franchises have same processes u Need to know what others are doing? u Are Depart Store franchises same? t Does corporate culture support decentralization? u Aerospace Industry

34. Creating Overall Architecture t Factors to consider: u Firm’s policy on decentralization u Current computing environment u Policy on standards v more tendency to standards v cleaner overall architecture

35. Overall Architecture t Factors ( cont.) u How will it serve the business? v follow business and IT plans v Law of the Hammer u Desired level of computing

36. Level of Computing t Corporate t Region, country, division t Site t Department t Work group t Individual WAN MAN LAN

37. Packard Bell t Distributed u interdependence u homogeneity u culture t FDDI Ring Topology linking mainframes, servers and PCs t PCs have standard software package (e.g., Office) t Distributed database

38. Remote Access Server 12 Modems Dial- up Client Cisco Routers SQL Server Backup Server Mail Server MainframeMainframe Campus FDDI Rings Wide Area Link PrintersPrinters 12 Modems Application Server ClientClient Fax Server

39. USCS Network IBS, Rancho Cordova USCS, Rancho Cordova CableData, El Dorado Hills IBS, El Dorado Hills OC-3 Sonet Ring 155mb Bandwidth 128K Frame Relay 256K Frame Relay Virtual Private Network via Internet CableData Michigan CableData Arkansas CableData Atlanta CableData UK

40. USCS Enterprise Application Architecture Oracle Financials Release 10.7 Oracle 7 RDBMS IBM RS/6000 Peoplesoft HRMS Release 6 Oracle 7 RDBMS IBM RS/6000 ALEXIS Customer Mgmt (Internal App) Oracle 7 RDBMS IBM RS/6000 Corporate Data Warehouse (DSS)* Oracle 7 RDBMS IBM RS/6000 Typical PC Client running Windows 95 10mb Ethernet Network for Servers

41. Discussion t What are some of the problems with connecting “ islands of technology ? t How does one go about doing that? t Where is connectivity going in business and the public sector

42. Discussion Scott Langdoc, Vice President and Chief Information Officer Raleys Food Stores

43. Points to Remember t Basic Concepts u Definitions t Delivery Systems t Open Systems t Distributed Systems t Creating the architecture