1. Chapter 5 CPR

2. Heart Attack and Cardiac Arrest A heart attack occurs when heart muscle tissue dies. Cardiac arrest results when heart stops beating.

3. Chain of Survival Early access Early CPR Early defibrillation Early advanced care

4. Performing CPR Check for responsiveness. Open the airway and check for breathing. Rescue breaths Chest compressions

5. Check for Responsiveness Tap the victim’s shoulder and ask if he or she is all right. If the victim is not responsive, have a bystander call 9-1-1. If you are alone with an unresponsive child or infant, give CPR for 2 minutes (five cycles), then call 9-1-1.

6. Open the Airway and Check for Breathing Open airway with head tilt–chin lift. Check breathing: Look, listen, and feel for 5–10 seconds.

7. Rescue Breaths Keep airway open. Give two normal breaths. Methods: Mouth-to-barrier Mouth-to-nose Mouth-to-stoma

8. Chest Compressions (1 of 2) Two hands for adults One or two hands for children Two fingers for an infant Compression depth Adult: 1.5 to 2 inches Child or infant: 1/3 to 1/2 depth of the chest

9. Chest Compressions (2 of 2) Adult and child: center of chest between nipples Infants: just below nipple line Five cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths Continue CPR until: AED becomes available Victim shows signs of life EMS takes over You are too tired to continue

10. Adult CPR (1 of 4) Check responsiveness. Have someone call 9-1-1 and retrieve an AED if available.

11. Adult CPR (2 of 4) Open the airway using the head tilt- chin lift method. Check for breathing.

12. Adult CPR (3 of 4) Give 2 rescue breaths.

13. Adult CPR (4 of 4) Perform CPR. Continue cycles of chest compressions and breaths.

14. Child CPR (1 of 3) Check responsiveness. Have someone call 9-1-1. Open the airway. Check for breathing.

15. Child CPR (2 of 3) Give 2 rescue breaths.

16. Child CPR (3 of 3) Perform CPR. Continue cycles of chest compressions and breaths.

17. Infant CPR (1 of 4) Check responsiveness. Have someone call 9-1-1.

18. Infant CPR (2 of 4) Open the airway by tilting the head back slightly and lifting the chin. Check for breathing for 5 to 10 seconds.

19. Infant CPR (3 of 4) Give 2 rescue breaths (1 second each).

20. Infant CPR (4 of 4) Perform CPR. Continue cycles of chest compressions and breaths for 2 minutes.

21. Airway Obstruction Partial air exchange Mild: coughing forcefully Severe: weak, ineffective cough Complete blockage: unable to breath, speak, or cough Common causes of obstruction Tongue, vomit, foreign body, swelling, spasm

22. Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Adult or Child (1 of 4) Check the victim for choking.

23. Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Adult or Child (2 of 4) Locate the navel.

24. Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Adult or Child (3 of 4) Place thumb side of fist just above the navel.

25. Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Adult or Child (4 of 4) Place other hand on top of first hand and give abdominal thrusts until object is removed.

26. Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Infant (1 of 2) Have someone call 9-1-1. Give five back blows between the infant’s shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.

27. Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Infant (2 of 2) Give five chest thrusts on the infant’s sternum in the same location used in CPR. Repeat until object is removed. If infant becomes unresponsive, begin CPR.