1. COLLEGE FOR PROFESSIONAL STUDIES TOPIC OF PRESENTATION OPTICAL FIBRE

2. Contents  Introduction  Types of fibers  Transmission of light  Optical fiber communication  Advantages  Disadvantages  Conclusion

3. Introduction to Optical Fibers  Fibers of glass.  Usually 120 micrometers in diameter.  Used to carry signals in the form of light over distances up to 50 km.  No repeaters needed.  Optical fiber consists of : Core Cladding Buffer Coating

4. Type of Fibers Optical fibers come in two types: Single-mode fibers – used to transmit one signal per fiber. Multi-mode fibers – used to transmit many signals per fiber.

5. Transmission of light Total Internal Reflection When the light goes from slow to fast, as the angle of incidence is increased, the angle of refraction increases as well, until it reaches 90 . The angle of incidence when this happens is called the “critical angle.” Beyond the critical angle, no refraction is possible and the light is said to ‘totally internally reflect.’ Angle of Incidence i Greater than i c

6. Total Internal Reflection in Fiber

7. Optical fiber Communication Fiber Optics Relay Systems has  Transmitter  Optical Fiber  Optical Regenerator  Optical Receiver  is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber.  the wave forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information.

8. Optical fiber Communication Transmitter Produces and encodes the light signals Optical Receiver Receives and decodes the light signals Optical Regenerator Boosts the light signals Optical fiber: Connects the light signals over a distance

9. Advantages of Optical fiber  Less signal degradation  Light signals  Low power  Light weight  Higher bandwidth  Thinner  Digital signals  Non-flammable

10.  Relatively expensive cable cost and installation cost.  Expensive over short distance.  Requires highly skilled installers.  Fragility  Affected by chemicals  Opaqueness  Unidirectional  Adding additional nodes is difficult Disadvantages

11. Conclusion This concludes our study of Fiber Optics. We have looked at what they are and how they work. We have examined the properties, advantages and disadvantages of fibers. Although this presentation does not cover all the aspects of optical fiber work it will have equipped you knowledge and skills essential to the fiber optic industry.

12. ANY QUESTIONS