1. Minerals Chap. 4 What are Minerals? Identifying Minerals

2. Which of these are minerals? AMBER COAL PEARL SUGAR QUARTZ HALITE MICA

3. How many types of minerals do you think there are in the earth’s crust?

4. About 3000, but only 30 minerals are common. About 3000, but only 30 minerals are common.

5. What are minerals? – 4.1Objectives Define a mineral Describe how minerals form. Identify the most common elements in Earth’s crust.

6. I.Mineral

7. Mineral Naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and definite crystalline structure

8. A.Naturally occurring, inorganic I.Mineral

9. A.Naturally occurring, inorganic B.Solids with specific compositions I.Mineral

10. A.Naturally occurring, inorganic B.Solids with specific compositions C.Definite crystalline structure I.Mineral

11. Crystal Systems Cubic Tetragonal Hexagonal Orthorhombic Monoclinic Triclinic

12. I.Mineral II. Mineral formation A.Some from magma

13. I.Mineral II. Mineral formation A.Some from magma B.Some from solutions

14. III. Mineral Groups

15. A.Silicates III. Mineral Groups

16. Silicates -Made of silicon and oxygen

17. Silicates -Make up about 96% of minerals found in earth’s crust

18. Silicates -Made of silicon and oxygen -Make up about 96% of minerals found in earth’s crust -Include feldspar and quartz.

19. A.Silicates B.Carbonates III. Mineral Groups

20. Carbonates -Made of metal bonded to carbonate, CO 3 2-

21. Carbonates -Found in limestone, malachite and marble

22. A.Silicates B.Carbonates C.Oxides III. Mineral Groups

23. Oxides -Made of metal bonded to oxygen

24. Oxides -Hematite Fe 2 O 3 and magnetite Fe 3 O 4 are common iron oxide minerals

25. A.Silicates B.Carbonates C.Oxides D.Halides III. Mineral Groups

26. A.Silicates B.Carbonates C.Oxides D.Halides E.Native Elements III. Mineral Groups

27. A.Silicates B.Carbonates C.Oxides D.Halides E.Native Elements F.Sulfates III. Mineral Groups

28. The End

29. Identifying Minerals 4.2 Objectives Classify minerals according to their physical and chemical properties Identify different types of minerals Discuss how minerals are used

30. I.Mineral Identification

31. A.Color rhodochrositemalachite turquoise azurite

32. I.Mineral Identification A.Color B.Luster (shininess) Luster is the way the mineral surface reflects light.

33. I.Mineral Identification A.Color B.Luster (shininess) 1. metallic galenapyrite

34. I.Mineral Identification A.Color B.Luster (shininess) 1. metallic 2. non-metallic feldspar olivine

35. I.Mineral Identification A.Color B.Luster C.Texture Texture is how a mineral feels to the touch.

36. I.Mineral Identification A.Color B.Luster C.Texture Talc: feels greasy fluorite: feels smooth

37. I.Mineral Identification A.Color B.Luster C.Texture D.Streak Streak is the color of the powder of the mineral.

38. I.Mineral Identification A.Color B.Luster C.Texture D.Streak Hematite: Reddish brown streak Pyrite: Dark gray- black streak

39. I.Mineral Identification A.Color B.Luster C.Texture D.Streak E.Hardness Hardness is a measure of how easily a mineral is scratched.

41. I.Mineral Identification F.Cleavage and Fracture Fracture means a mineral breaks with jagged, rough edges Cleavage means a mineral splits easily and evenly along one or more flat planes.

42. Mica: exhibits basal cleavage Cleavage or Fracture?

43. Halite: exhibits cubic cleavage Cleavage or Fracture?

44. Obsidian: exhibits fracture Cleavage or Fracture?

45. I.Mineral Identification F.Cleavage and Fracture G.Density and Specific Gravity Density is a measure of the mass per unit of volume.

46. I.Mineral Identification F.Cleavage and Fracture G.Density and Specific Gravity H.Other properties

47. I.Mineral Identification F.Cleavage and Fracture G.Density and Specific Gravity H.Other properties 1. refraction Refraction means the bending of light

48. I.Mineral Identification F.Cleavage and Fracture G.Density and Specific Gravity H.Other properties 1. refraction 2. reacting with HCl

49. II.Other terms

50. A.Ores A material for which it is profitable to mine

51. II.Other terms A.Ores B.Gems Valuable minerals prized for rarity and beauty

52. The End