2. Circulatory, Respiratory, and Nervous Systems

3. Structures: –Heart –Blood –Blood vessels: Arteries = carry oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart Veins = carry deoxygenated blood to the heart 1.Gets Needed substances to cells – carried by blood – oxygen and glucose 2. Picks up waste products from cells – carbon dioxide example: carries Oxygen (O 2 ) to the body and Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) away Structures and Functions of the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

5. Flow of Blood Start at the heart (right side) Sent to the lungs, where I Pick up oxygen, drop CO 2 Now I turn RED, Then I go back to the heart (left side), where I am Sent to the body Where I drop off oxygen, pick up CO 2 Now I turn Blue… So I go back to the Heart….

6. Problems/Diseases Cardiac Infarction (Heart Attack) blood flow to a part of your heart is blocked long enough that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies. Cardiac dysrhythmiasAbnormalities of heart rhythm Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) Blood flow in arteries is too high. (Heart works too hard.) StrokeBlood clot in brain that causes brain death

7. Problems and Diseases Stroke ArtherosclerosisHypertension Heart AttackHeart Failure

9. Fast Facts How does your heart beat?The pacemaker is a group of cells that uses electrical impulses to regulate your heartbeat! Average heart beats 100,000 times a day PulseVentricles contract and send blood through the arteries – you feel the expansion/relaxation of the artery wall Blood PressureA measure of the pressure the blood exerts against the walls of the blood vessels – measured with a sphygmomanometer

10. The Respiratory System supply the blood with oxygen in order for the blood to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body It also removes Carbon Dioxide and water

12. The Path of Air - Nose Through your nostrils into the nasal cavity Nasal cavities are lined with mucus to trap dust and bacteria. The nose hairs whip the mucus into your throat – swallow Stomach acid kills the bacteria.

13. What happens when you sneeze? If dust and bacteria don’t make it into your stomach – it irritates your throat causing you to sneeze. The force of a sneeze shoots the particles out of your nose. http://dsc.discovery.com/t v- shows/mythbusters/video s/slow-motion- sneezes.htmhttp://dsc.discovery.com/t v- shows/mythbusters/video s/slow-motion- sneezes.htm

14. The Path of Air – the Pharynx The throat Shared with the digestive system – it is also a passageway for food.

15. The path of air - Trachea Connects the pharynx to the lungs. Lined with cilia and mucus Cough = when particles irritate the lining of the trachea, a cough sends them flying out of your body

16. The path of air - bronchi Passages that direct air into the lungs You have two of them – left and right.

17. The path of air - lungs The main organs of the respiratory system. You have 2 – right and left. Inside each bronchus divides into smaller and smaller tubes – ends up in the  Alveoli Looks like a bunch of grapes Tiny sacs of lung tissue Surrounded by capillaries – where blood picks up oxygen from inhaled air

18. How you breathe 1.The lungs are surrounded by the ribs and the rib muscles and the diaphragm at the base of the lungs. 2.Inhalation – the rib muscles contract, lifting the chest wall and pushes the diaphragm down – chest cavity is larger – creates a pressure difference and lungs fill with air 3.Exhalation – rib muscles and diaphragm relax making the chest smaller – squeezes air out of the lungs

19. How you speak 1.Two vocal cords stretch across the opening of the larnyx – voice box 2.When you speak the vocal cords contract 3.Air rushes from the lungs causing the cords to vibrate = your voice 4.http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id =7267020nhttp://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id =7267020n

20. Problems/Diseases Asthma inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles that cause difficulty in breathing/ wheezing Bronchitis inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes Choking (aspiration) obstruction of the flow of air into the lungs Pneumonia inflammation of the lungs caused by infection

21. MORE… pharyngitisInflammation of pharynx (sore throat) Laryngitis Inflammation of voice box (loss of voice)

23. The Nervous System The three jobs of the nervous system: 1.Receives information about what is happening inside and outside of the body 2.Responds to information – response – a reaction that a body makes to a stimulus 3.Maintaining Homeostasis – directs the body to respond appropriately to the information it receives.

24. 2 parts of the nervous system Central Nervous System – brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System – all of the nerves located out of the CNS

25. Structures of the Nervous System - Neuron Cells that carry information through the nervous system through nerve impulses Three types: 1.Sensory – picks up stimuli from internal or external environment. Stimulus converted into a nerve impulse. 2.Interneuron – passes impulses from sensory neurons to the brain 3.Motor neuron – receives impulse from interneuron and sends impulse to a muscle

26. The Brain Contains about 100 billion interneurons Covered by three layers of connective tissue Cushioned by fluid to prevent injury – concussions http://espn.go.com/high- school/football/video/clip?id=6596951http://espn.go.com/high- school/football/video/clip?id=6596951 http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=8701 368http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=8701 368 http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=8900 577http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=8900 577 http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=8900 655http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=8900 655

27. How do nerve impulses travel Synapse – tiny space between each axon and the next structure Axon tip releases chemicals that let the impulse cross this space – if it doesn’t cross the message doesn’t get received.