1. Rogers State University1 Cardiovascular System Chapter 5

2. Rogers State University2 Anatomy and Physiology n pump and delivery system n supply trillions of cells with oxygen and other nutrients vital for survival n transport cellular waste to appropriate organs for removal

3. Rogers State University3 Structures n heart - pump n vessels - container n blood - liquid

4. Rogers State University4 The Heart n hollow muscular organ (cardiac muscle) n pump to circulate blood n blood to oxygenate cells and remove waste products n Cardi/o - heart

5. Rogers State University5 Location and Protection n located between the lungs and above the diaphragm n Pericardium n Pericardial Fluid n Epicardium n Myocardium n Endocardium

6. Rogers State University6 n Blood Vessels - arteries, veins, capillaries angi/o and vas/o n arteries - carry blood away from heart, oxygenated blood n veins - carry blood to the heart, deoxygenated blood Blood Vessels

7. Rogers State University7 Arteries n arteri/o n blood propelled by heart n arteries are thick with three layers n pulse-surge of blood n oxygenated blood - bright red n arteries to arterioles to capillaries

8. Rogers State University8 Capillaries n system of microscopic vessels n one epithelial cell thick n connect arterial/venous systems n blood flow much slower through capillaries to allow for exchange n blood cells travel in single file

9. Rogers State University9 Veins n low-pressure collecting system n ven/o and phleb/o n venules - small veins n veins have valves n deoxygenated blood n venae cavae - venous blood to Right Atrium

10. Rogers State University10 Heart n myocardium - muscle layer n pericardium - sac containing the heart

11. Rogers State University11 Heart Chambers Right Atrium Left Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Apex

12. Rogers State University12 Internal Heart Chambers

13. Rogers State University13 Heart Valves Apex Left Right Tricuspid Mitral Pulmonary Artery Aorta Vena Cava Pulmonary Veins

14. Rogers State University14 Blood Supply to Heart n Coronary Artery System –right coronary –left coronary »left anterior descending »circumflex

15. Rogers State University15 n Systemic Circulation –All parts of body except lungs n Pulmonary Circulation –pulmonary arterial system

16. Rogers State University16 Conduction System 1-SA Node (Pacemaker) 2-AV Node 3-Bundle of His 4-Perkinje fibers

17. Rogers State University17 Normal Sinus Rhythm

18. Rogers State University18 Arrhythmias or Dysrhythmias n Palpitation: irregular, rapid pulsation of the heart n Fibrillation: heart muscle fibers contract at random with no coordination n atrial fibrillation (Afib): heart rhythm is fast and irregular n ventricular fibrillation: severely abnormal heart rhythm that can be life-threatening n Bradycardia: <60 bpm n Tachycardia: >100 bpm

19. Rogers State University19 Pulse n pulse-rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery produced by pressure of blood moving through the artery

20. Rogers State University20 Blood Pressure n Measurement of amount of pressure exerted against the walls of the vessels. n Systolic - highest pressure result of ventricular contraction n Diastolic - lowest pressure when ventricles relaxed

21. Rogers State University21 Pathology of the Cardiovascular system

22. Rogers State University22 Atherosclerosis n scleroses n hypercholesterolemia n ischemia n thrombosis, embolus n occlusion n aneurysm

23. Rogers State University23 Aneurysm A localized balloon- like enlargement of an artery.

24. Rogers State University24 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) n Diseases of coronary circulation n atherosclerosis may cause angina, MI and sudden death n myocardial ischemia –angina, dyspnea n myocardial infarction –diaphoresis, pallor, dyspnea

25. Rogers State University25 Procedures Opening Blocked Arteries n Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) n Carotid endarterectomy n Coronary artery bypass surgery –revascularization

26. Rogers State University26 Ischemic Heart Disease OR IHD n cardiac disability due to insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to heart n caused by constriction or obstruction of coronary artery n Ischemia - deficiency of blood supply

27. Rogers State University27 Congestive Heart Failure n Impaired cardiac pumping, caused by myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, or cardiomyopathy. n Failure of the ventricle to eject blood efficiently n causes pulmonary congestion; elevated right heart

28. Rogers State University28 Varicose Veins n Incompetent valves –esophageal varices –anal hemorrhoids –legs n Edema (localized, generalized) n phlebitis, thrombophlebitis

29. Rogers State University29 Blood Composition n 55% plasma (liquid portion of blood) n 45% blood cells

30. Rogers State University30 Blood Types n 4 blood types: A, B, AB, O n Blood type is determined by surface antigens

31. Rogers State University31 Pharmacology n Antianginals n antihypertensives n beta blockers n calcium channel blockers n diuretics n heparin n inotropics, cardiotonics n tissue plasminogen activators (TPA) n Statins