1. + Running Repairs B5 The Living Body

2. + Running Repairs Lesson Objectives Recognise that there are many heart conditions and diseases. Discuss how these defects can be treated and the advantages and disadvantages of some of these methods. Explain what causes blood to clot, why this is important and why it may need to be prevented. Explain which blood groups can be used to donate blood to which other blood groups. Starter  make a list of things that they know can go wrong with the heart

3. + Key Words bypass surgery coronary heart disease heart assist device heart attack agglutinins antibodies antigens anti-coagulant aspirin blood groups fibrin haemophilia heparin heart assist device platelets Rhesus serum transfusion warfarin

4. + Prior Knowledge Needed The human heart has four chambers that work together to circulate the blood. A build-up of cholesterol in blood vessels can put this function at risk. The body’s immune system protects the body from foreign antigens by producing antibodies.

5. + 5c Running repairs Heart Conditions/Diseases Lifestyle risk factors– diet, alcohol smoking, stress, drugs ConditionEffectTreatment Irregular heart beatPacemaker Hole in heartSurgery Damaged or weak valves Replacement with artificial valves Blocked coronary artery Bypass surgery Heart attackTransplant – disadvantages?

6. + 5c Running repairs Blood components Blood groups: A, B, AB, O Rhesus positive & negative Agglutinins – markers on the surface of red blood cells which make them Clump if they contact the corresponding antigen: Blood groupAgglutinin on surface Antibodies in blood Can accept blood from AAAnti-BA or O BBAnti-AB or O ABA & BNoneAny ONoneAnti-A & Anti-BO

7. + 5c Running repairs Blood donation – cards for everyone? Religious objections? Blood Clotting occurs: 1. When blood vessels are damaged 2. When blood comes into contact with air 3. To prevent too much blood being lost 4. To prevent pathogens entering through wounds Vitamins K & C are needed for healthy blood clotting Alcohol & cranberries slow it down Anti-coagulant drugs e.g. warfarin, heparin & aspirin reduce it Haemophilia is an inherited disease where a faulty protein stops blood clotting