1. Forces of Imperialism Motives: Economic competition for markets & raw materials National pride Racism Missionaries' desire to Christianize & “civilize” non-European peoples

2. Superior weapons Railroads, cables, steamships Quinine (drug) to protect from malaria Forces of Imperialism Technological Advantages over Africa:

3. Africans’ great diversity of languages and cultures Ethnic rivalries Lower level of technology, including weapons Forces of Imperialism Factors Making Africa Vulnerable:

4. Division of Africa Berlin Conference of 1884 & 1885: Agreement among 14 European nations about how to divide Africa among European countries Outcomes: –Random distribution of African ethnic & linguistic groups among European nations –Transformation of the way of life of Africans

6. “From Cairo to Cape Town”

7. Zulus –Shaka – created large centralized state –Successors unable to keep together against British superior arms – British invaded 1879 –Fell to British control in 1887 Boers (Dutch) – a.k.a. Afrikaners –1st Europeans to settle in S. Africa British –Took over Cape Colony in early 1800s – clashed with Boers over British policy regarding land & slaves Division of Africa Clash in South Africa:

8. Diamonds/gold discovered in 1860s & 1880s Boers launched commando raids & used guerilla tactics British burned farms & imprisoned women & children Britain finally won Outcome: –Creation of self-governing Union of South Africa controlled by British Division of Africa Boer War (1899-1910):

9. French Control of Indochina How Brought Under Control: Missionaries were killed French army invaded Vietnam Combined it with Laos and Cambodia

10. Direct control –French themselves filled all important positions in gov’t French Control of Indochina Method of Control:

11. Discouraged local industry Rice became major export crop French Control of Indochina Economic Policies:

12. Imposed French culture All schools, courts, & businesses followed French models ↓ of local industries Less food for peasants French Control of Indochina Colonial Impact:

13. Japanese in Asia War with China (Sino-Japanese War) (1894-1895): How it started: –Rebellion broke out against Korea’s king, who asked China for military help –Chinese troops marched into Korea –Japan protested violation of agreement & sent its troops to fight the Chinese Consequences: –Destruction of Chinese navy –Beginning of Japanese colonial empire –Change to world’s balance of power –Emergence of Russia & Japan as major powers (& enemies) in Asia

14. Annexed Korea – brought under control Ruled Korea harshly Established very repressive gov’t that denied rights to Korea Inspired Korean nationalist movement Japanese in Asia Occupation of Korea:

15. Interaction with Westerners Opium War (China): Setting the Stage: –China self-sufficient, little trade w/ west  favorable balance of trade –Europeans wanted to find product Chinese would buy in large quantities  found it in opium –Many Chinese became addicted

16. Causes: –Chinese emperor wanted trade stopped  Britain refused to stop Interaction with Westerners Opium War (China):

17. Results & Effects: –Chinese defeat & humiliation –Cession of Hong Kong to Britain –Continuation of opium trade –Extraterritorial rights for foreign citizens –Chinese resentment against foreigners Interaction with Westerners Opium War (China):

18. Setting the Stage: –Population provided major challenge growing 30% in only 60 years Interaction with Westerners Taiping Rebellion (China):

19. Causes: –Hunger/starvation caused by inability to feed enormous population –Increasing opium addiction –Poverty Interaction with Westerners Taiping Rebellion (China):

20. Results & Effects: –Rebellion put down –Restoration of Qing to power (with help of British and French forces) –20 million people died Interaction with Westerners Taiping Rebellion (China):

21. Perry Arrives in Tokyo: –Arrives with letter from U.S. President Fillmore –Letter politely asked shogun to allow free trade –Perry gave threat that he would return with larger fleet in one year to get Japanese reply –Purpose: shock & frighten Japanese into accepting trade with U.S. Interaction with Westerners Commodore Matthew Perry (Japan):

22. Treaty of Kanagawa (1854): –Japan opened two ports where ships could take supplies Interaction with Westerners Commodore Matthew Perry (Japan):

23. Benefits to U.S.A.: –Gained rights to trade at those two ports –Opened door for other W powers Interaction with Westerners Commodore Matthew Perry (Japan):

24. Effects of Imperialism Colonization: Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America

25. Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies Effects of Imperialism Colonial Economics:

26. Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia Effects of Imperialism Christianization: