2.   Hispaniola was colonized by the French and the colony was named Saint Dominique  Main source of profit was sugar cane  Used African slaves to harvest the sugar cane  Very labor intensive crop Saint Dominique

3.   White planters were outnumbered by slaves 10 to 1  Used violence to control the slaves and prevent rebellion  Common practices of violence were whipping, burning, and castration  Escaped slaves lived in the jungles and survived off of stealing from plantations  Constant importation of new slaves from Africa because of the high death rate Treatment of Slaves

4.   Colony was producing 60% of the world’s coffee and 40% of the world’s sugar  Word of the French Revolution reached St. Dominique in 1789  Planters supported the revolution and wanted St. Dominique to be more independent of French rule  Slaves supported King Louis because they were afraid of the planters having total control  Black free men on the island began pushing for better treatment of slaves and more equality for free blacks  Several were violently executed by being “broken on the wheel” Saint Dominique in 1789

5.   Was born into slavery on St. Domingue, father had been a tribal chief in Africa  Received a good education from his godfather and Jesuit missionaries  Was freed in 1776, but worked on the plantation and an important overseer and advisor  Married in 1782 and bought a small plantation  Acquired a small fortune before the Haitian Revolution Toussaint’s Early Life

6.   Free blacks demanded plantation owners recognize the “Rights of Man”  Planters refused and many reform seeking free blacks were executed  These executions ignited slave rebellions across the island in 1791.  Spanish and British forces also attempted to conquer the island during the turmoil.  The Haitian Revolution became a 4 way war for the island: The slaves, British, Spanish, and French all fought for control. The Haitian Rebellion

7.   Toussaint organized over 100,000 slaves into an army  Focused on discipline and respect, they did not slaughter or butcher the enemy forces  Agreed to help the French take back St. Dominique…the French promised to free all the slaves in return  Toussaint and his forces defeat the Spanish and British  St. Dominique came back under French control in 1801, but all the slaves were freed Toussaint Takes Command

8.   Napoleon sent 27,000 French troops to betray Toussaint, take back St. Dominique, and re- establish slavery  Toussaint attempted to negotiate a peace, but was arrested and sent to France where he died in prison  Haitians continued the fight without Toussaint and defeated the French  24,000 French soldiers died and Haiti won its independence Independence

9.   Most of South America was under Spanish colonial rule  Nationalists and revolutionaries in many South American countries were inspired by the ideas and successes of the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions  The birth of so many new independent nations in the Western Hemisphere led to the creation of the Monroe Doctrine  The Monroe Doctrine was written by the US government and said that the United States would not tolerate any European interference in the Western Hemisphere Latin America