1. Issues and Answers with Turfgrass Ronald Calhoun calhoun@msu.edu calhoun@msu.edu Michigan State University Extension

2. Top Ten List Crabgrass Moles Broadleaf Weeds Mulching Leaves Organic Renovation Fertilizer Mowing Watering Grubs

6. Pesticides are a shortcut to cultural practices. -the Yard Doctor, 2006

7. My Perfect Lawn Today Species

8. Turfgrasses of Michigan: Characteristics and Adaptation Turfgrass SpeciesRecommended -----------------Relative Tolerance----------------- Mowing Height Nitrogen Regime Irrigation Requirement HeatColdDroughtShadeWear(inches)Per year Kentucky bluegrassYesFairGoodMediumPoorMedium2 - 4 Medium to High (2 to 6 lbs. N) Yes Tall FescueYesGoodPoorExcellentGood 2.5 - 4 Low to Medium (1 to 2 lb.s N) Seldom Perennial RyegrassYesPoor Very Poor Fair Good1.5 - 2.5 Medium to High (2 to 6 lbs. N) Yes Annual RyegrassYes* Very Poor Poor 1.5 - 2 Medium to High (2 to 6 lbs. N) Yes Fine Fescues Sheep, Creeping Red, Hard YesFairMediumGoodExcellentPoor1.5 - 3 Low (< 2 lb.s N) Seldom ZoysiagrassNoExcellentMediumExcellentGoodExcellent0.5 - 1.5 Low to Medium (1 to 2 lb.s N) Seldom BuffalograssNoExcellentMediumExcellent Very Poor Fair2 or > Low (< 2 lb.s N) Seldom BermudagrassNoExcellentPoorGoodPoorExcellent0.5 - 1.5 High (6 lbs. N or >) Yes * Only as a temporary cover during establishment.

9. Bunch Type -Tillers

10. Stoloniferous - Stolons

11. Rhizomatous -Rhizomes

13. My Perfect Lawn Today Fertility Species

14. Jim Dandy Lawn Fertilizer 20 - 10 - 10 Guaranteed Analysis Total Nitrogen (N)..................................... 20% Ammoniacal Nitrogen......................... 5% Urea.................................................... 15% Available Phosphate (P 2 O 5 )....................... 10% Soluble Potash........................................... 10% Derived from: Urea Nitrogen, Ammonium Phosphate, Muriate of Potash. Equivalent to: 700 lbs CaCO 3 Net Wt. 50 lbs Text J.T. Dandy Fertilizer Company 4444 Farm Lane East Lansing, MI 48824

16. TreatmentCrabgrass 1.5 height317 3 height93 1.5 height Holiday plan 129 3 height Holiday plan 7 Lawn Weed BMP II (2 years)

17. MSU Soil Test Reports 2001-2002 Summary of 500 Samples apply 0.5-1.0 lb P 2 O 5 apply 1.5-2.0 lb P 2 O 5 no apps.

18. My Perfect Lawn Today Fertility Species Mowing Height

19. 6 4 4.5 33 2 1.5 1 The One-Third Rule Desired Mowing Height Mowing following 1/3 Rule

20. Plant response to mowing heights

21. Continual Scalping 6

22. Kentucky bluegrass Mowing Height 2 or 4 inches Fertilizer Program None or Holiday Plan (3 # N/M/YR) Herbicide Treatment None, Trimec Classic or Confront BMP plots at MSU

24. 2, non-fertilized 4, non-fertilized 4, 3 # N/M/YR 4, 3 # N/M/YR, Trimec Pictures from May 10, 2004

25. 2, non-fertilized 4, non-fertilized 4, 3 # N/M/YR 4, 3 # N/M/YR, Trimec Pictures from Jul 13, 2004

26. DANDELIONCLOVER 2002 2 ONLY9465 4 ONLY7025 2 HOLIDAY3515 4 HOLIDAY2210 2 TRIMEC35 4 TRIMEC72 2 CONFRONT14 4 CONFRONT11 2 HOLIDAY TRIMEC10 4 HOLIDAY TRIMEC20 2 HOLIDAY CONFRONT00 4 HOLIDAY CONFRONT10 BMP Results (five years)

27. Top Ten List Crabgrass Moles Broadleaf Weeds Mulching Leaves Organic Renovation Fertilizer Mowing Watering Grubs

28. My Perfect Lawn Today Fertility Species Mowing Height Irrigation

29. My Perfect Lawn Today Fertility Species Mowing Height Irrigation Cultivation

30. Top Ten List Crabgrass Moles Broadleaf Weeds Mulching Leaves Organic Renovation Fertilizer Mowing Watering Grubs

31. Root Feeding Insects Grubs: Japanese beetle European chafer June beetle Black turfgrass ataenius Aphodius granarius

32. Japanese Beetle-Larvae Damage: Feed on roots in May and early June and again in Sept. and October Moisture stress causes damaged turf to turn brown Appearance: White C-shaped grubs to 1 Threshold: 15-20 per sq. ft. on irrigated turf 5-10 per sq. ft. on non-irrigated turf

33. Japanese Beetle-Adult Adults emerge in July - early August. Dark metallic green beetle, half inch long. Adults feed on wide range of ornamentals. Eggs deposited in turf July - August.

34. Japanese Beetle Larvae mature to 1/2 to 1 in. late Sept. Damaged turf may die from root pruning. Grubs move deeper into soil to overwinter. Larvae pupate to beetles following June.

36. Japanese Beetle Skunks and raccoons may rip up turf looking for larvae. Irrigated turf has a tremendous ability to recover. Monitor populations. Insecticides should be watered-in to reach the larvae.

37. Japanese Beetle Control is highly variable. 50 to 80% control Check 3 weeks after treatment Beetle traps do not provide control. Biological insecticides. Variable results Check for latest efficacy information and new products

38. European Chafer-Larvae Damage: Feed on roots in early May - June and again in Sept. - Oct. Damaged turf may turn brown Appearance: White C-shaped grub up to 1 Threshold: 15-20 per sq. ft. on irrigated turf 5-10 per sq. ft. on un-irrigated turf

40. European Chafer-Adult Light brown, stout body, clubbed antennae, half in. long Adults emerge in late June and July - about 2 weeks earlier than Japanese beetle Similar one year life cycle

41. European Chafer Information Grubs feed longer in the fall (early Nov.) and return to the surface sooner (early April) than JB. Damage threshold and control similar to Japanese beetle.

42. Top Ten List Crabgrass Moles Broadleaf Weeds Mulching Leaves Organic Renovation Fertilizer Mowing Watering Grubs

44. Preemergence Barrier

45. Pick a date? 20012002 Crabgrass emergence by month. May 51% May 0%

46. Soil temp better… 20012002 Crabgrass emergence by month. 60-70 degrees F 85% <60 degrees F 0% 60-70 degrees F 66%

47. Tunnel through the soil looking for grubs, earthworms, other insects and animals. Surface can be disrupted by raised ridges and soil piles. Moles

48. Top Ten List Crabgrass Moles Broadleaf Weeds Mulching Leaves Organic Renovation Fertilizer Mowing Watering Grubs

49. www.msuturfweeds.net Weed ID on the WEB

52. Top Ten List Crabgrass Moles Broadleaf Weeds Mulching Leaves Organic Renovation Fertilizer Mowing Watering Grubs

53. What is organic?

54. What is natural?

55. What is a chemical?

56. Define the terms...

57. Establish the goals...

58. Everything in life has risk...

59. Relative Toxicity ProductLD50 (mg/kg) Gasoline40 Caffeine150 Aspirin1200 Table Salt3000 Vinegar3000 Glufosinate5000 Glyphosate10000

60. www.turf.msu.edu