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Urban Water Quality Issues July 17th, 2008 Greensboro, North Carolina NACAA Annual Meeting & Professional Improvement Conference
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Development Patterns
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Ultra Urban Environment Increasing: Increasing: impervious areas impervious areas land value land value Decreasing Decreasing land availability land availability Increasing Need for: Increasing Need for: Space Efficient Best Management Practices
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Typical Urban Non-Point Source Pollutant Loading
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Algae bloom; York River, 9/9/05 Courtesy Bill Portlock, Chesapeake Bay Foundation
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Why is it that this particular design does not have to follow the fundamental unit processes of water quality?
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Physics of Settling – Stokes Law Henry Darcy 1803 - 1858 Media Filtration – Darcys Law
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BMP Evaluation In the Lab; or in the Field?
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Lesson 1: Clearly Defined Project Goals Quality Assurance Project Plan 1. Conditions and Definitions i. Treatment Objective ii. Performance Goals 2. Project Description 3. Quality Assurance Plan
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Treatment Objectives and Performance Goals
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Particle Size Treatment Objectives and Performance Goals
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Lesson 2: Sample Collection Grab samplesFlow-paced auto samples
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One Grab = One SnapshotMultiple Grabs =Multiple Snapshots
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Lesson 3: Site Selection - Location Currituck Gas House Barco, NC
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Trench Drain from up-hill side of pumps Trench Drain on down-hill side of Oil-Water separator Canopy drain StormFilter Vault Bypass/Diversion manhole Outlet junction manhole Lesson 3: Site Selection - Simplicity
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1 pipe in and 1 pipe out! Simple is better!
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Eliminate Variables and External Influences (MEP) Lesson: All fuel islands should have an Oil/Water Separator
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Lesson 4: Learn the 1 st Law of Monitoring: What Can Go Wrong, Will Go Wrong!
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Once upon a time, there was this site... 10/02System Maintenance 10/02System Maintenance 10/02Remote automated sampling equipment Installed 10/02Remote automated sampling equipment Installed 11/02 Remote automated sampling equipment disabled by insect infestation 11/02 Remote automated sampling equipment disabled by insect infestation
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Corrective Action Taken
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As Luck Would Have It (or not): 1-2/03Storm Capture 1-2/03Storm Capture 5/03Phone Line Disabled by Lightning 5/03Phone Line Disabled by Lightning 6/03Automated Sampling Equipment Fried by Lightning 6/03Automated Sampling Equipment Fried by Lightning
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But then... 9/03New Automated Sampling Equipment Installed 9/03New Automated Sampling Equipment Installed 9/03System Outfall Area Impacted by Adjacent Construction Activities and Heavy Storms 9/03System Outfall Area Impacted by Adjacent Construction Activities and Heavy Storms
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Hurricane Isabel
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Before After 2/04Outfall Area Restored 2/04Outfall Area Restored
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The Saga Continues: 3/04Storm Capture 3/04Storm Capture 8-9/04Phone lines and Automated Sampling Equipment Disabled by Lightning (again); AND 8-9/04Phone lines and Automated Sampling Equipment Disabled by Lightning (again); AND
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Alex, Bonnie, & Earl – 8-9/04
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We Are Committed! 6/05Resume Monitoring 6/05Resume Monitoring
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No Matter What... 9/05Rodents 9/05Rodents
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Corrective Action Taken AND THEN:
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We Survived Hurricane Season 05
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Happily Ever After 8/06Project Completed! 8/06Project Completed!
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Lesson 5: Predict the Weather and Act Fast
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We Got Better! Days with measurable precipitation 68 Qualified Storm Events - (meet DQO of >0.1 in. and >72 hr. antecedent conditions); hindsight 35 Attempts to capture storm samples 23 Successful Captures (10) vs. Opportunities (35) 29% Successful Captures (10) vs. Attempts (23) 43% Early 2000s success rate – Captures vs. Atts. 10%
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Key Elements to a Successful Field Monitoring Project Clearly defined Clearly defined Project Goals Project Goals Data Quality Objectives Data Quality Objectives Methods Methods Appropriate Site Selection Appropriate Site Selection Dedicated Project Team
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Adaptive management in action From: Restoration of Puget Sound Rivers Ralph and Poole, 2003 As Conceived in Consensus Building Process As Designed in Consensus Building Process
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As generally implemented Adaptive management in pieces
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Experimentation in the Urban Environment Were running out of experimental opportunities!
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