1. 2006 PSU PDA Cattle Composting Study Hobo Data Loggers J. Craig Williams Penn State Coop. Extension Composting.cas.psu.edu

2. NACAA AM/PIC Basic Mortality Composting Project Onset Data Loggers Experiences J. Craig Williams, Dairy Agronomy Agent –Tioga County, Pa –16 Years Extension

3. Natural Rendering: Composting Livestock Mortality Penn State and Pa Dept of Agriculture Composting procedures Downer cow update/ Dead cow update Cornell Waste Mgnt. Int. And Maine Compost Team

4. Siting for Composting Select site that is well-drained, at least 200 ft from water courses, sinkholes, seasonal seeps or other landscape features that indicate the area is hydrologically sensitive.

5. Wood Chip Bed Lay 24-in bed of bulky, absorbing organic material containing some sizeable pieces (4 to 6-in long). Utility and municipal wood chips work well.

6. Recipe for Small Animals For young animals, layer mortalities with a minimum of 2 feet of co-composting material.

7. Recipe for Large Animal

8. Covering Carcass Cover carcass with dry, high-carbon co- composting material, like old silage, sawdust, or dry stall bedding (some semi- solid manure will expedite the process).

9. Composting continued Let set for 4-6 months. Turn only if desired after 3 months. Reuse bones as part of next base. Reuse old compost 6 month old Compost

10. Onset Hobo Data Loggers Onset – Data Loggers and Weather stations –Indoor, Outdoor, Underwater and Tilt/Acc. –Hobo U12-008 $199 –20 Foot cable-$35 each Total$339 set up –Shuttle $169 –Boxcar Software $99 Total $268 Office www.onsetcomp.com/ hobologgers.com PSU PDA Project was to document Real Farm Composting temperature, including internal carcass

11. HOBO 008

12. Graphing

13. Cow Compost

14. Dairy Farm Cow Temps

15. HOBO Data Recorders every 6 hours for 6 months Start January March

16. Bishop

17. Started Second Pile Late January -July

20. ID Temperature points

21. Start June to August 2006

25. Hobo Recorders