1. Elements & Principles of Design
Prince Andrew High School

2. Elements of Design The Designer uses the following Elements of Design
Space
Line
Shape
Form
Colour
Value
Texture
Can you think of words to describe what you see to the right?

3. Space Is the area the artist works on.
It can be paper, clay, canvas, walls, etc.
It has two characteristics:
positive…the object
negative… the voided area surrounding the object.

4. Line Is a continuous mark. It has five characteristics: length width
curvature
depth
texture

5. Shape Is an enclosed line.
It has height and width and is usually considered flat…2-D.
There are four basic shapes
circle
square
rectangle
triangle

6. Form Is two or more shapes combined. It has height, width, and depth.
It is considered 3-D and you usually can walk around and/or through it.
There are four forms
Sphere
Cone
Cubes
Cylinder

7. Color Hue is another word for color. There are:
3 Primary colors
3 Secondary colors
6 Intermediate colors
placed evenly around the basic color wheel.

8. Primary Colors Yellow is at 4 o’clock * * Blue is at 8 o’clock *
Red is at 12 o’clock *
Placed every fourth space away.
These cannot be made by combining other colors.

9. Secondary Colors The formula for a Secondary is P + P = S
Blue + Red = Violet at 10 o’clock
Yellow + Blue = Green at 6 o’clock
Red + Yellow = Orange at 2 o’clock

10. Intermediate Colors The formula for an Intermediate color is P+S = I
R+O = RED ORANGE at 1 o’clock
Y+O = YELLOW ORANGE at 3 o’clock
Y+G = YELLOW GREEN at 5 o’clock
B+G = BLUE GREEN at 7 o’clock
B+V = BLUE VIOLET at 9 o’clock
R+V = RED VIOLET at 11 o’clock

11. Tertiary Mixing two secondary colors together create browns
Orange + Green = Yellow Brown (Amber)
Green + Violet = Green Brown (Olive)
Violet + Orange = Red Brown (Rust)
The formula for a Tertiary is S + S = T

12. Color Schemes
Monochromatic - different values of the same color. Color + white, gray or black
Complementary - two colors opposite each other on the color wheel.
Analogous colors next to each other on the color wheel that have a family resemblance.
Triadic - are three colors evenly spaced on the wheel forming a triangle.
Warm colors are red, orange and yellow.
Cool colors are green, blue and violet.

13. Value Is the lightness and darkness of a color or neutral gray.
White added to a color is a tint.
Gray added to a color is a tone.
Black added to a color is a shade.
These are called Neutrals.

14. Texture The feel of a surface. There are two kinds: Actual or real
usually made by nature
Implied or fake
usually created by man

15. Principles of Design Balance Repetition Contrast Movement Emphasis
Unity

16. Balance Equilibrium There are two kinds
the feeling of being comfortable in artwork. Where the Elements are placed in the picture in a way so they have equal weight.
There are two kinds
Symmetrical or formal balance which is objects centered
Asymmetrical or informal balance which is more objects on one side or off centered

17. Repetition Is repeated element Also known as Pattern varied in size,
shape or
color
Also known as Pattern

18. Contrast
The opposite or varied elements that make an art work interesting.
Such as color, thick or thin lines, large or small shapes, rough or smooth texture,etc.

19. Movement The path our eyes follow in art work.
Usually it brings the viewer in, around, and through the piece.
Also known as Rhythm

20. Emphasis Drawing attention to the main object.
All elements; like line, color, and shapes, direct your eye to the main point.

21. Unity
Oneness … makes all the elements and principals work together to form a piece of art.
Also called Harmony