1. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 1 Jianxin Tang ftang@alfred.edu IT 1 V4.0 Ch8. Fundamental Networks

2. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 2 8.1 Explain the principles of networking  Networks are systems that are formed by links.  Computers can be linked by networks to share data and resources.  All data, voice, video, and converged networks share information and use various methods to direct how this information flows.

3. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 3 8.1.1 Define computer networks Many different types of devices can connect to a network:  Desktop computers  Laptop computers  Printers  Scanners  PDAs  Smartphones  File/print servers

4. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 4 A network can share many different types of resources  Services, such as printing or scanning  Storage space on removable devices, such as hard drives or optical drives  Applications, such as databases

5. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 5 Network devices link together using a variety of connections:  Copper cabling – Uses electrical signals to transmit data between devices  Fiber-optic cabling – Uses glass or plastic wire, also called fiber, to carry information as light pulses  Wireless connection – Uses radio signals, infrared technology (laser), or satellite transmissions

6. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 6 8.1.2 Explain the benefits of networking  Fewer Peripherals Needed  Increased Communication Capabilities  Avoid File Duplication and Corruption  Lower Cost Licensing  Centralized Administration  Conserve Resources

7. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 7 8.2 Describe types of networks  Describe a LAN.  Describe a WAN.  Describe a WLAN.  Explain peer-to-peer networks.  Explain client/server networks

8. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 8 8.2.1 Describe a LAN Local Area Network (LAN) refers to a group of interconnected devices that is under the same administrative control.

9. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 9 8.2.2 Describe a WAN Wide Area Networks (WANs) are networks that connect LANs in geographically separated locations.

10. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 10 8.2.3 Describe a WLAN In a WLAN, wireless devices connect to access points within a specified area. Access points are typically connected to the network using copper cabling

11. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 11 8.2.4 Explain peer-to-peer networks In a peer-to-peer network, devices are connected directly to each other without any additional networking devices between them.

12. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 12 8.2.5 Explain client/server networks In a client/server network, the client requests information or services from the server.

13. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 13 8.3 Describe basic networking concepts and technologies  Explain bandwidth and data transmission.  Describe IP addressing.  Define DHCP.  Describe Internet protocols and applications.  Define ICMP

14. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 14 8.3.1 Explain bandwidth and data transmission

15. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 15 8.3.2 Describe IP addressing

16. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 16 8.3.3 Define DHCP

17. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 17 8.3.4 Describe Internet protocols and applications

18. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 18 8.3.5 Define ICMP

19. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 19

20. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 20 8.4 Describe the physical components of a network  Computers  Hubs  Switches  Routers  Wireless access points  Twisted-pair  Fiber-optic cabling  Radio waves

21. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 21 8.5 Describe LAN topologies and architectures

22. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 22

23. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 23 8.6 Identify standards organizations

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30. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 30 8.7 Identify Ethernet standards

31. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 31

32. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 32 8.7.2 Explain wireless Ethernet standards

33. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 33 8.8 Explain OSI and TCP/IP data models

34. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 34 8.9 Describe how to configure a NIC and a modem  Install or update a NIC driver.  Attach the computer to an existing network.  Describe the installation of a modem.

35. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 35 8.9.1 Install or update a NIC driver  Sometimes, a manufacturer will publish new driver software for a NIC. A new driver may enhance the functionality of the NIC, or it may be needed for operating system compatibility.

36. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 36 8.9.2 Attach computer to existing network

37. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 37 8.10 Identify names, purposes, and characteristics of other technologies used to establish connectivity  Describe telephone technologies.  Define power line communication.  Define broadband.  Define VOIP.

38. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 38 8.10.1 Describe telephone technologies  Analog Telephone: telephone line cannot be used for voice calls while the modem is in use. Limited bandwidth provided by analog phone service (The maximum bandwidth using an analog modem is 56 Kbps).  Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN): three services offered by ISDN digital connections: Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI), and Broadband ISDN (BISDN). The "B" channel is used to carry the information – data, voice, or video – and the "D" channel is usually used for controlling and signaling.

39. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 39 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)  DSL uses the existing copper telephone lines to provide high-speed digital data communication between end users and telephone companies.  This sharing of the phone wire allows voice calls to be placed while DSL is connecting to the Internet.

40. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 40 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)

41. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 41 8.10.2 Define power line communication

42. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 42 PLC is known by other names:  Power Line Networking (PLN)  Mains Communication  Power Line Telecoms (PLT)

43. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 43 Power line communication (PLC)  A communication method that uses power distribution wires (local electric grid) to send and receive data.  Can superimpose an analog signal over the standard 50 or 60 Hz AC that travels in power lines. The analog signal can carry voice and data signals.  Available in areas where other high-speed connections are not.  PLC connections can be used anywhere there is an electrical outlet

44. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 44 8.10.3 Define broadband  Broadband is a technique used to transmit and receive multiple signals using multiple frequencies over one cable.  For example, the cable used to bring cable television to your home can carry computer network transmissions at the same time.  Some common broadband network connections include cable, DSL, ISDN, and satellite.  A cable modem connects your computer to the cable company using the same coaxial cable that connects to your cable television.

45. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 45 8.10.4 Define VoIP  Voice over IP (VoIP) is a method to carry telephone calls over the data networks and Internet.  VoIP converts the analog signals of our voices into digital information that is transported in IP packets.

46. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 46 8.11 Identify and apply common preventive maintenance techniques used for networks

47. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicNew CCNA 307 47