1. Formal Elements Elements of Art Principles of Art

2. What makes up an art work?
The elements and principles of art

3. Elements of Art The composition of an art work is made up of the arrangement of the elements. These are known as the Elements of Art
color
line
texture
value
shape
form
shape

4. Elements of Art
These five elements are the primary aspects of visual perception. Every artwork can be described by reference to these elements.
For example, a work will have the presence of strong lines or absence of line. A work may be full of value shifts or a complete lack of value shift.

5. COLOR
Color is a very expressive and exciting element of art. It appeals strongly to the senses and emotions.
Color can communicate in all different ways, it can be very powerful aspect of art. Art works can communicate by color alone. It can cause emotional reactions.

6. COLOR Primary colors-yellow, red and blue.
(colors that can not be made by mixing other colors.
Secondary colors- purple, green and orange (colors mixed from a combination of any two primary colors)
Complementary colors (colors found on the opposite on the color wheel.)

7. Monochromatic color scheme (uses only one color and tints and shades)
Harmonious colors- colors that have something in common. One color will be in harmony with another.

8. Primary colors Lichtenstein

9. Secondary colors

10. Complementary colors Gauguin

11. Monochromatic color scheme Escher

12. Color Schemes

13. Color schemes

14. Communicating with color
Cool colors move away from you
Van Gogh

15. Van Gogh

16. Rothko
Warm colors come towards you

17. Rothko

18. Space Ways to create space
Divide the picture into the foreground, middle ground and background
Strong details is used in the foreground, with gradual loss of detail as the image fades into the back ground
Large objects in the fore ground graduating to smaller objects in the back ground
Overlapping of objects give the appearance of objects being in front of each other
Warm colors in the foreground and cool colors in the back ground

19. Degas Space

20. Lines Line in art may mean a single thin stroke
It may signify the meeting edge of two areas
It may refer to the contours – as in sculpture
Line can display strong suggestion of
movement
Line can produce a sense of tranquility

21. Line Curved Lines Clement Meadmore

22. Line can create volume Escher

23. Lines can create movement they can move through an art work Escher

24. Lines can create movement Wavy Lines Brett Whiteley

25. Zigzag or Jagged Lines

26. Positive and Negative Space
Positive space is the primary subject matter in a work of art, as opposed to the background or unoccupied spaces. (white areas)
Negative Space is the space where other things are not present. (black areas)

27. Brett Whiteley Larger lines in the foreground
Smaller lines in the background give an illusion of distances, space and perspective.

28. Lines create pattern and shape John Olsen

29. Value Value can be flat or graduated
Can be created by using shading, line or dots.
Lines can be used to create value in shading or cross-hatching
Dots can be used to create tone.

30. Rick Amor

31. Value
Value can be subdued
Strong
Contrasting

32. Value Rembrandt Hatching and cross-hatching

33. Value Dramatic use of value.
Value is used to attract out attention to the most important part of the painting
Mattia Preti

34. Texture Read or Simulated
Real texture are the textures that actually exist – they are what you actually feel
Simulated textures are implied or artistically created to make you “believe” there is a texture.
Durer

35. Texture
Grained
Rough
Corrugated
Smooth
Furry

36. Texture Van Gogh

37. Texture
When we actually touch and feel a surface we experience real texture
Real texture; the feel of a surface
Cactus, feathers, scales
When we look at a photograph or a painting of the texture of a surface such as glass or velvet leather, we see patterns of light and dark that create the effect of texture
Simulated texture; a two dimensional surface that imitates real texture, simulated textures copy or imitate real textures.

38. Simulated texture imitates real texture Max Ernst

39. Oldenburg real texture, the feel of a surface

40. Shape
A shape is an area that is defined in some way by a line, an edge, a color or a texture. If we traced around its outline we would have a shape, silhouette
Shapes are flat they have only two dimensions – height and width
Shapes can be geometric – regular, straight lines and angles and look as if they were made with a ruler.
Organic – irregular, uneven shapes of nature.

41. Shape Matisse

42. Form
Forms, like shapes have height and width but they also have the third dimension depth. They are solid. They have volume and occupy space.
Two dimension - painting
Three dimension - a sculpture

43. Form
Chihuly

44. Principles of Art
The artists use the principles to combine the elements in a satisfying way.

45. Principles of Design These are the seven main principles of design
Balance
Contrast
Emphasis
Unity
Pattern
Movement
Rhythm

46. Balance
Refers to the distribution of weight in an art work so that no one part overpowers another or seems heavier that another.
Artists may choose to create imbalance of a particular purpose.

47. Asymmetrical Balance
Asymmetrical balance is achieved in a composition when neither side reflects or mirrors the other. Not symmetrical.
Cezanne

48. Symmetrical Balance
Symmetrical balance the placing of identical forms to either side of the central axis of a work to stabilize it visually.
Himeji Castle

49. Radial Symmetry
Radial symmetry is symmetry around a central point.

50. Movement
Movement adds excitement by showing action and directing the viewer’s eye throughout the picture.
Hokusai

51. Emphasis
An artist can create a center of interest by allowing one area of an art work to dominate. Emphasis draws the eye to the focal area.
Focal Area

52. Contrast
Contrast refers to the arrangement of opposite elements (light vs. dark colors, rough vs. smooth textures, large vs. small shapes, etc.) in a piece so as to create visual interest, excitement and drama
Caravaggio

53. Rhythm Rhythm, in art, is a visual beat. John Brack
Not all rhythm is patterned. There is regular rhythm and irregular rhythm.
John Brack

54. Pattern
Quilt
Pattern means the repetition of an element (or elements) in a work.

55. Unity
Picasso
Unity occurs when all of the elements of a piece combine to make a balanced, harmonious, complete whole.