1. Islam
By: Jackie Nietert
&
Josh Oleksiak

2. Video

3. Shahadah Practiced Originally Basic confession of faith
Said many times daily
“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the prophet of Allah”
2nd part sums up the Muslim principle of revelation
Confess Muhammad is prophet of Allah, confess Quran verses are word of Allah

4. Salat Practiced Originally Second pillar of Islam
Pray five times a day, at daybreak, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and before bed
Made up of prescribed ritual washings and portions of the Quran to be recited in Arabic
1st surah is always recited
Every Friday must perform Salat in communal setting with imam (teacher)

5. Zakat Practiced Originally Third pillar Almsgiving
Islam regards all wealth as belonging to god
Every Muslim has to give 2 and a half percent of his wealth
Zakat means “sweetening”

6. Sawm Practiced Originally Fourth pillar Fasting
Fast during month of Ramadan
Ramadan is the month in which Muhammad obtained his 1st revelation
Every adult Muslim has to abstain from food, drink, and sexual intercourse dawn to sunset for entire month
Fasting is done to increase self-discipline and for the praise of Allah

7. Practiced Originally Hajj Fifth pillar Pilgrimage to Mecca
During the first to twelfth days of the last month of the year
Only if you have the money to make trip, and have paid Zakat
Pilgrimage includes: visiting the great mosque, kissing the Black Stone, and circling the Kabah seven times
Purpose is to strengthen a Muslim’s faith

8. Muhammad Original Beliefs Preached that there is only one god
Claimed Islam is the only true religion
Declared himself a prophet and messenger of God
Claimed that his revelations were the eternal, unalterable, and perfect word of god

9. Texts of Islam
Quran
Final recordings of Muhammad’s revelations from the Angel Gabriel
Written in 650 A.D.
In perfect Arabic
Contains 114 chapter, arranged from longest to shortest in length

10. Hadith Texts of Islam Means “story; tradition”
Sayings and actions of Muhammad
Also actions and sayings of his close followers
When the Quran does not give guidance for a specific situation, the Hadith is used

11. Shariah Texts of Islam Law of Islam
Combines Quran, Hadith, and other Islamic laws and codes of ethics
In countries where Islam is dominant, Shariah is the governing law
Allows no separation from the sacred and the worldly

12. Major Turning Point
Major turning point:
Sunni Shia split

13. Sunni Shia Split Division goes back to after Muhammad died
Disagreement over who should succeed Muhammad
Shia support Ali and say that all caliphs need to be descendants of Muhammad
Sunni believe that new caliphs just need to follow the sunnah

14. Sunni Largest group of Muslims Makes up 85% of all Muslims
Follow approved path of Muhammad
Recognize first four caliphs
Attribute no special religious function to descendants of Muhammad
Dominant in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, and Pakistan

15. Shia Makes up 15% of Muslims Support Ali as first caliph
Says every caliph after Ali needs to be descendant of Muhammad
Recognize only exceptional Islam teachers as Imams
Dominant Muslim group in Iran, Iraq, and parts of Africa

16. Leaders of Islam First caliph Abu Bakr
Said there was no distinction between Zakat and Salat
Collected and wrote down the verses of the Quran
Died August 23, 634 A.D.
Was buried next to Muhammad

17. Leaders of Islam Second caliph Umar
At first was not Islamic, he beat his sister when he found out she was Islamic
Changed to Islam after reading the Quran
Would walk around Medina to see if anyone had problems
Prayed at a normal mosque, hard to distinguish him from commoners
Died in 24 A.H

18. Leaders of Islam Third caliph Uthman
Was friends with Abu Bakr, who brought him to Islam
Fasted every second of third day
Completed the Quran, and made many copies
Was killed by Jewish rebels while saying a Quran verse

19. Leaders of Islam Fourth caliph Alee Cousin of Muhammad
Moved the Islamic capital to Iraq
Went hungry while being the leader of Islam
Very generous
Died on 40 A.H. by an assassin with a poisoned sword

20. Consequences of Caliphs
3 of the 4 caliphs were assassinated by rebels or people of another religion
Caused Jews and Magians to rebel within the caliphate
Performed a siege on Uthman’s house
Battle between Alee (fourth caliph) and Aaisah(Muhammad’s widow)
Kharijites claimed there should be no leader but Allah, attempted to kill all leaders, only succeeding in killing Alee

21. After Muhammad died, the religion split into Sunni and Shia
Islam Spreads
After Muhammad died, the religion split into Sunni and Shia
When Uthman, the third caliph, got assassinated, it started a civil war
Between Ali and the Kharajites
Ended when Ali was murdered

22. No single state could be identified
Islam Spreads
At the end of the 15th century, the Muslim world was different from the beginning
No single state could be identified
No longer a faith identified with one region
Became universal and more multinational

23. Religion Today Islamic resurgence in the 1970s
Islamic revolution in Iran
Opposition to the rule of the shah
Ali Shariati, a main opposition to the shah, died in 1978 of mysterious conditions
Wanted a new government like an Islamic Marxism

24. In 1980s and 1990s, Islamic activist movements changed radically
Religion Today
In 1980s and 1990s, Islamic activist movements changed radically
Political Islam had become an important part of mainstream politics
Threat of Islamic groups in Algeria and Tunisia were that they could get the majority through democratic processes

25. About 23% of the world follows Islam
Religion Today
Current estimates by the Pew Forum are that there are 1.57 billion Muslims in the world
1.1 million to 7 million of the Muslims live in the United States of America
About 23% of the world follows Islam

26. Contradict the teachings of Muhammad
Good view of Islam
People who use violence and terror in the name of Islam are hypocrites, criminals, and heretics
Contradict the teachings of Muhammad
Specific prohibition in Islamic law that bans killing by stealth

27. Bad view of Islam
Islamic terrorists have destroyed cars, buildings, and planes
Muslim terrorists have murdered tens of thousands of men, women, and children
One half of all terrorists are Islamic
Muhammad said “kill any Jew that comes under your power”
Islamic history shows that as Muslims grew in power, their violence changed to outright warfare

28. Bibliography
"The Crescent Star of Islam." Islam. Web. 5 Nov <
"Islam." LCMS. N.p., Web. 5 Nov <
"Muhammad." MidEastWeb (2007): n. pag. Web. 8 Nov <
"Learn about Islam." Web. 8 Nov <
"Al-Quran." Islamic Esources. Web. 8 Nov <
"Kaaba." Black Stone of Mecca. Web. 8 Nov <
"Black Stone." Black Stone of Mecca. Web. 8 Nov <

29. Bibliography
"How We Pray." Salat. Web. 8 Nov <
"Shahadah." The Correct Shahadah. Web. 8 Nov <
"Zakat." Frequently Asked Questions About Sakat. Web. 8 Nov <
"Al Quran Arabic - Urdu Translation." Al-Quran. Web. 8 Nov <
"The Rightly Guided Caliphs." n. pag. Web. 14 Nov < First Caliph, Abu Bakr ( A.C.)>.
"Abu Bakr." The Holy Quran. Web. 15 Nov <
Wuthnow, Robert. "Islam." (1998): n. pag. Web. 15 Nov <

30. Bibliography
"Islam." About Islam (2010): n. pag. Web. 15 Nov <
Bhutto, Benazir. "Views on Islam." October 2002: n. pag. Web. 15 Nov <
"Muhammad, Islam, and Terrorism." 5 May 2001: n. pag. Web. 15 Nov <