1. The Rise of Islam Chapter 11 Section 1

3. Early Arabs Bedouins: Nomads who herded sheep and camels. Couldn’t grow crops. Sheikh: leader of the Tribe. Cities began to appear along the coast (Mecca) Trade routes established (Caravans).

4. Muhammad Caravan Trader in Mecca 40 years old: believed the Angel Jibreel spoke to Muhammad He was to be a prophet of Allah Received teaching and revelations from Allah.

5. Muhammad Meets Resistance Merchants of Mecca harassed Muhammad. Believed: His thoughts/ideas disrupted their authority One god, Not Polytheistic People would stop coming to the Kaaba Stone building filled with idols that people worshipped

8. Hijrah 622 A.D. Mecca  Yathrib Known as the Hijrah (Flight) Yathrib becomes Medina “City of Prophets” Muhammad's teaching spread throughout the Peninsula. Including Mecca

10. Back to Mecca 630 A.D.- Muhammad travels back to Mecca. Rededicated the Kaaba to worship Allah. 632 A.D.- Muhammad dies Converted most people in the Middle East and N. Africa to a new religion: ISLAM

11. Beliefs in Islam One God (Allah) Islam= submission to God Followers of Islam: Muslims 2 nd Largest religion in the world: Growing Majority live in N. Africa, Asia and E. Europe.

12. Muslim World Population

13. Qur’an: Holy book of Islam Word of Allah received by Muhammad Sacred guide for all people. Written in Arabic: Common language of Muslims. Teaching include: Live humble lives, tolerance and generosity, no pork or alcohol Also includes the 5 Pillars of Islam

14. 5 Pillars of Islam 1. Profession of Faith Only one God (Allah) Muhammad: Messenger of God 2. Five Daily Prayers Face the direction of Mecca

15. 3. Paying Zakat Annual tax to help the poor. 4. Fasting during Ramadan Eat/Drink nothing from sunrise to sunset Importance of self- discipline

16. 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca Make the trek at least once Meet to pray/perform rituals

17. Rituals of the Hajj

18. Jihad: “Struggle to defend faith.” Die for the struggle: Rewarded in Heaven.

19. Mosques Muslim’s place of worship No furnishings, only mats to kneel on for prayer. Men who are trained in the Qur’an lead prayers