1. Landscape Architecture (EAPS4303) Msc. Arch. Nagham Ali Hasan
January 2008
University of Palestine
Faculty of Applied Engineering & Urban Planning
Dept. of Architecture, Interior Design & Planning
Landscape Architecture (EAPS4303)
Lecturer 2
PLANTS IN LANDSCAPE
Msc. Arch. Nagham Ali Hasan
University of Plastine International

5. Landscape architecture essentially involves organising and dividing land. Spaces are the result of this division and thus the primary medium of design. Spaces provide for different human uses and enjoyment of the landscape.
Spaces

6. In this chapter,
a series of conceptual frameworks for designing space are defined.
The organisation of space is described as a process of manipulating ground, ‘wall’ and ‘sky’ planes.
Types of enclosure and their characteristics and issues affecting the design of spaces including social, aesthetic and environmental aspects are explored and illustrated.
Examples of the use of topography, vegetation, structures and water in the formation of spaces are illustrated.

7. Space can be defined as …
an area of land enclosed, defined or adopted by people for human purposes
a medium and concept of landscape architecture
a place for outdoor activities
an enclosure
the ‘opposite’ of form or mass.

8. Ground, ‘wall’ and ‘sky’ planes
For design purposes a space can be thought of as an area defined in three dimensions by:
the ground plane,
‘wall’ or vertical planes,
the ‘sky’ plane.

9. The design of spaces is not simply a process of organising planes and elements in abstract ways, but to enable places to function for people and nature.

10. People’s use and experience of spaces
The design of spaces should always be informed and underpinned by an understanding of different people’s needs and activities and experiences of landscapes.
Public spaces need to function for an extremely wide range of uses including:
social and recreational purposes, for example, gathering, eating, dancing
work, for example, buying, selling, mending, studying
health and fitness
aesthetic and cultural purposes (linked to social and recreational)
ecological and environmental purposes.

11. Form of Space Interpretation of existing site forms Geometry
creation of spaces to provide for changed land use
Geometry

12. Metaphor- symbol Symbolism to generate form involves conceiving
of or describing the landscape as another (normally)
unrelated thing or action in a non-literal way. ‘Dead
space’, or ‘Space is flowing’ are examples of landscape
metaphor
is used in design with the intention that users of the landscape should understand and respond to the meaning(s) of the symbol(s).

13. space Vernacular Historic paradigms Archetype
Vernacular refers to regionally distinct landscapes and
landscape forms created by people who were not usually
professional designers.
Archetypes can be described as similar forms or physical
arrangements of human environments which have been
repeated or copied over long periods of time and continue
to perform the same types of functions.

14. Space enclosure

16. Space and edges

17. Scale of space
Scale refers to the perceived relative size of parts of the landscape to each other, to human size and to the emotional effect of this relative size.
refer to relationships of parts of a landscape or to the size a person feels in relation to a landscape.
Scale can also refer to size in relation to human activity, for example: ‘this space is too small in scale for public events’.

21. Space relationships
Topographic space relationships
Sequence of spaces

22. Contrast and similarity