1. Chapter 6 Boosting Your Memory and Preparing for Tests

2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 2 Five Theories of Forgetting

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 3 Five Theories of Forgetting (Cont)

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 4 Five Theories of Forgetting (Cont)

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 5 Strategies to Combat Forgetting Due to Decay Be alert and ready to learn. Give your undivided attention. Make learning your intention. Set a learning goal. Begin thinking about, working with, or associating information.

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 6 Strategies to Combat Forgetting Due to Displacement Slow down the intake process. Allow time to think. Use spaced practice. Avoid cramming. Pause between new pieces or chunks of information so your mind has time to consolidate and integrate information. Select an environment conducive to learning. Free up your working memory from anxiety or intrusive thoughts.

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 7 Strategies to Combat Forgetting Due to Interference Take time to compare two or more items for similarities. Take time to compare two or more items for differences. Provide a break between studying difficult or complex topics.

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 8 Strategies to Combat Forgetting Due to Incomplete Encoding Use elaborative rehearsal techniques. Avoid using rote memory. Use self-quizzing and feedback strategies. Strive to maintain your focus and have undivided attention when you rehearse.

9. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 9 Strategies to Combat Forgetting Due to Retrieval Failure Create and practice associations. Use clear structures or formats to organize information in logical, meaningful ways. Use ongoing review to practice activating information from LTM. Put yourself in retrieval mode. Reconstruct your learning situation (how, when, where).

10. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 10 Mnemonics Mnemonics are memory techniques or memory tricks that serve as a bridge to help you remember specific facts or details that for one reason or another are difficult for you to remember.

11. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 11 Advantages to Using Mnemonics

12. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 12 Disadvantages to Using Mnemonics

13. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 13 Kinds of Mnemonics Associations Pictures and graphics Acronyms and acrostics Rhythms, rhymes, and jingles Stacking Loci Peg systems

14. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 14 Human Body Peg System

15. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 15 Rhyming Peg System

16. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 16 Number Shape Peg System

17. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 17 Essential Strategies for Test Preparation Review your course syllabus and class assignment sheets. Find out as much information as you can about the test. Use a five-day study plan to prepare for tests. Review study tools you created for factual information. Review procedural information by reworking steps or problems. Make summary notes of information you want to review for the day before the test.

18. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 18 Essential Strategies for Test Preparation (Cont) Participate in review sessions. Create a study group if a review group is not available. Plan to review the night before a test and an hour or so on the day of the test. Predict test questions; write and answer practice test questions. Deal with sources of test anxiety before the day of the test.

19. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 19 Preparing for Different Kinds of Questions 1. Find out about the test 2. Predict test questions 3. Write and answer practice test questions

20. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 20 Bloom's Taxonomy

21. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 21 Bloom's Taxonomy (Cont)

22. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 22 Bloom's Taxonomy (Cont)

23. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 23 Test Anxiety Stress is a reaction or response to events or situations that threaten to disrupt your normal pattern or routine. Anxiety is excessive stress that hinders performance. Test anxiety is anxiety that may occur before or during a test.

24. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 24 Symptoms of Test Anxiety Physical symptoms Emotional symptoms Cognitive symptoms Behavioral symptoms

25. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6 - 25 Sources of Test Anxiety How could you reduce test anxiety that stems from these sources? Underpreparedness Past experiences Fear of failure Poor test-taking skills