2. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern1 Using Mobile Phones in Pronunciation Teaching in English-medium Universities in Turkey Murat Saran Cankaya University, Turkey saran@cankaya.edu.tr Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kursat Cagiltay METU, Turkey kursat@metu.edu.tr Assoc. Prof. Dr. Golge Seferoglu METU, Turkey golge@metu.edu.tr Sponsors

3. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern2 Where are we from?

4. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern3 Purpose of the Study to investigate the potentials and effectiveness of using mobile phones in foreign language education

5. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern4 Research Questions Does the mean change (mean difference between pre and post tests) in the pronunciation test scores differ among the three groups: mobile, web, and handout? What are the students’ perceptions and opinions of the use of the mobile phones in the pronunciation learning?

6. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern5 Sample A purposeful sample of students (based on the data collected through a pre-study questionnaire) 24 students attending the English Preparatory School of a university in Turkey

7. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern6 Design of the Study GroupPre-testTreatment Post-test Mobile n=8 (5 female, 3 male) Regular classroom activities supported with MMS via mobile phones interview + Web n=8 (5 female, 3 male) Regular classroom activities supported with Web Handout n=8 (4 female, 4 male) Regular classroom activities supported with handouts

8. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern7 Treatment 120 English words (20 of them selected for pronunciation test) 4 words a day 10 weeks

9. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern8 An example web page used in the study

10. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern9 An example handout used in the study

11. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern10 An example MMS used in the study Animated Picture Size: 20 KB Format: Animated GIF Resolution:172x136 Pronunciation Size: 3 KB Format: amr Frame 1: Dictionary definition Frame 2: Sample sentence Frame 3: Related picture Frame 4: Word building

12. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern11 Data Collection & Evaluation Record the students’ pronunciations by using digital voice recorder before and after the treatment A native rater and a nonnative instructor from the preparatory school evaluated the records according to the Educational Testing Service Criteria*  0: Frequent phonemic errors and foreign stress and intonation patterns that cause the speaker to be unintelligible.  1: Frequent phonemic errors and foreign stress and intonation patterns that cause the speaker to be occasionally unintelligible.  2: Some phonemic errors and foreign stress and intonation patterns, but speaker is intelligible.  3: Occasional nonnative pronunciation errors, but speaker is intelligible. *Educational Testing Service. 1985: SPEAK examinee handbook and sample

13. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern12

14. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern13 Results Means and standard deviations of the groups for the pronunciation test Maximum score that can be obtained from the test was 60

15. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern14 Results Comparison of mean scores on pronunciation test

16. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern15 ANOVA Results The ANOVA was significant, F (2, 21) = 5.000, p =.017.

17. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern16 The results of homogeneity of variance test and post-hoc comparisons

18. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern17 Interview Results interviewed 6 students in mobile group All of the students (n=6) provided positive feedback about the mobile learning application used in this study “Visual presentations of the words in multimedia messages helped us to understand the words’ meanings easily. When I came across the word in reading, the visual representations helped me to remember the word’s meaning”

19. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern18 Interview Results “I found the text and audio-visuals in the multimedia messages supporting each other. Audio-visual materials were very valuable in drawing my interest and giving me a clear understanding about the English word that I was learning” “I had the chance of repeating the content as many times as I wanted and this was an advantage of using mobile phones when compared with the other methods”

20. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern19 Conclusion This study extends the use of use mobile phones, which are already used for communication and entertainment all over the world, to education. Using mobile phones in educational settings will help learners be more motivated and will make it possible to overcome the difficulties teachers or parents experience in order to make learners start studying. Learners will be able to use any previously wasted time (on the bus, on their way back and to school) on learning languages.

21. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern20 Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated that using MMS in enhancing vocabulary pronunciation is very effective. The method used in this study can be of great help in improving the quality of teaching-learning processes in Preparatory English language schools of English-medium universities.

22. Language Issues in English-medium Universities: A Global Concern21 Questions ???