1. March 12, 1989 Washington, D.C.

2. Background  In 1985, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) adopted regulations addressing the problem of alcohol and drug use among railroad employees  This was the direct result of at least 21 significant train accidents involving alcohol or drug use

3. Background (Cont.)  These accidents resulted in 25 deaths  The Railway Labor Executives’ Association filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California to forbid these regulations  After going through the district court and the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, the case was then heard by the U.S. Supreme Court

4. Samuel K. Skinner, U.S. Secretary of Transportation

5. Railway Labor Executives’ Association

6. Richard Thornburgh, U.S. Attorney General

7. Lawrence M. Mann

8. Justices for the Court  Harry A. Blackmun  Anthony M. Kennedy (writing for the court)  Sandra Day O'Connor  William H. Rehnquist  Antonin Scalia  John Paul Stevens  Byron R. White

9. Petitioner’s Claim  That regulations requiring the testing of bodily fluids after a train accident do not violate the Fourth Amendment rights of railroad employees

10. Fourth Amendment  The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

11. Decision  Upheld regulations that required railroads to test urine, blood, and breath of employees involved in train accidents, deciding that such tests did not violate the Fourth Amendment  Voted 2-7 in favor of the Petitioner

12. Personal Opinion  I agree with the decision to uphold the regulations to test bodily fluids after a train accident because railroad employees should not be under the influence of anything while operating a train due to the many dangers involved with them