1. Disaster Management System of the Republic of Korea
for the
MPAT Conference in Seoul
January 15, 2002 by
Dugkeun Park, Ph.D.
National Institute for Disaster Prevention
The Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs

2. Contents Organization and Functions of MOGAHA
Organization and Mission of Headquarters of
Civil Defense and Disaster Management
○ Disaster Management System
○ Natural Disaster
○ Man-made Disaster
○ Fire Safety
Cooperation with other organizations

3. Organization and Functions
of MOGAHA

4. 1. Main Functions Functions Administration Administration
Local Autonomy
Administration
National
Administration
○ Management of
Protocol & State Council,
and Awards & Decoration
○ Management of Gov’t Employ-
ees & Organization, and Training
of Human Resources
○ Responsible for Administrative
Efficiency & Informatization
○ Gov’t Archives & Records
Services, and Gov’t Building
Management Service
○ Support of Local
Autonomy System
○ Pursue Sound Local
Finances and Local Tax
○ Management of
Local Tax Law
Functions
○ Management of Civil
Defense Regulation & Corps
○ Disaster Prevention and
Recovery
○ Firefighting and Emergency
Rescue
Civil Defense &
Disaster Management

5. 2. Organization Minister Vice Minister Headquarters of CDDM
Office of Public Affairs
Vice Minister
Planning & Management Office
Assistant Minister
Office of Protocol & State Council
Office of Emergency Planning
Personnel Bureau
Office of Public Service Inspection
Administrative Management Bureau
Office of Public Information Planning
Local Finance & Local Tax Bureau
National Institute for Disaster Prevention
Headquarters of CDDM
Central Officials’ Training Institute
Civil Defense & Disaster Management Bureau
Government Archives & Records Service
National Institute of Professional Adm.
Disaster Prevention Bureau
Appeals Commission
Fire Administration Bureau
5 Provinces of North Korea

6. 4. Budget: 14.3 billion (9.2% of the National Budget)
3. Number of Staff: 2,260
Main Office: 774
○ 2 Political, 18 Special, 608 Regular, 38 Fire,
and 108 Technical
Attached Office: 1,486
○ 8 Political, 68 Special, 761 Regular, 98 Fire, 11 Contract,
13 Education, Police, and 518 Technical
4. Budget: 14.3 billion (9.2% of the National Budget)
Central: $2.1 bil.(14.6%)
Local Supportive: $12.2 bil. (85.4%)
○ Subsidy : $7.6 billion
○ Concession : $3.9 billion
○ National Aid : $0.5 billion

7. Local Governments Total Number: 248 Staffs: 250,822
○ 1 Special City, 6 Metropolitan Cities, 9 Provinces, and
232 Municipals
Staffs: 250,822
○ Municipal: 185,549 and Others: 65,273
Budget: $55.5 billion
○ The General Account: $40.5 billion
The Special Account: $15.0 billion
※ Budget Ratio Between Central and Local Government = 69 : 31

8. the Headquarters of Civil Defense & Disaster Management
Organization and Mission of
the Headquarters of Civil Defense & Disaster Management

9. 1. Organizational Chart HQ of CDDM CDDM Bureau DPP Bureau FA Bureau
Civil Defense & Planning
Disaster Prevention & Planning
Fire Administration
Fire Suppression
Civil Defense Management
Disaster Preparedness
Fire Prevention
Disaster Management
Disaster Rehabilitation
Rescue & Emergency
· Central Civil Defense
Alert Control: 21
· National Institute for Disaster
Prevention: 26
· Central Rescue HQ: 4
· National Fire Service
Academy: 38
· National 119 Rescue
Service: 68

10. 2. Mission Civil Defense & Disaster Management Bureau
○ Management & Education of Civil Defense Corps
○ Countermeasures for Man-made Disasters (explosion, Collapse,
etc.)
Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Bureau
○ Cope with Natural Disasters (Typhoon, Earthquake, Drought, etc.)
○ Operation of the National Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures
Headquarters when a Disaster Strikes or is Imminent to Occur
Fire Administration Bureau
○ Prevention & Suppression of Fire and Emergency Rescue &
Medical Services

11. 3. Staffs : 289 4. Budget : $ 199 Million Main Office : 167
○ 108 Regular, 38 Fire, 19 Technical, & 2 Special
Attached Office : 122
○ 17 Regular, 98 Fire, & 7 Technical
4. Budget : $ 199 Million
Central Budget : $ 58 Million
Local Supportive Budget : $141 Million
※ In Addition to this,
Disaster Recovery Budget of about $880 Million per Year

12. Disaster Management System of the Republic of Korea

13. 1. System of Disaster Management
Development of Dual System for Disaster Management
Natural
Most Urgent to Prevent, Manage,
& Recover in the 1960s since
Majority of Catastrophes were
Natural Disasters, such as
Typhoons & Torrential Rains
Natural Disaster
Management
(since 1967)
Natural
Man-made
In the Course of Growth-Oriented
Economic Development, Industriali-
zation increased the Potential of Man
-made Disasters, such as Explosion
& Building Collapse
Man-made Disaster
Management
(after 1995)
Man-made

14. Management System Legislation Recovery Operation System Category
Council of Central Civil Defense
(Prime Minister)
National Disaster Prevention &
Countermeasures HQ
(MOGAHA)
Other Ministries
Local DPC HQ (Provinces, Cities)
Typhoon, Flood, Blizzard,
Drought, Earthquake, etc.
NDC Act
(Amended on Dec. 7, 1995)
Item
Natural
Man-made
National SC HQ (Competent
Minister)
Local SC HQ (Provinces, Cities)
※ Action of Emergency Rescue HQ
Fire, Explosion, Chemical Attack,
Oil Spill, etc.
Disaster Management Act
(Enacted on July 18, 1995)

15. 2. Natural Disaster Statistics
○ 7 Flood Damages & 3 Typhoons Each Year
○ Property Damage of $611 Million (0.14% of the GNP) & 142 Deaths
※ Damage and Recovery Cost in the Last 10 Years ( )
◆ Damage Cost
< Unit: Million $>
Inundation
(ha)
Death
Public
Facility
Displaced
House
Farm
Crop
Other
Total
142
37,184
60,475 12 41 20
429
108
611
◆ Recovery Cost
< Unit: Million $>
Total
National
Treasury
Local
Treasury
Loan
Self
883
552
149 82
100

16. Structural Preventive Measures
2. Natural Disaster
Structural Preventive Measures
○ Investment of $34.4 Billion on 22 Projects Based on the Fifth
Basic Disaster Prevention Plan from 1997∼2001
Control
Project
8 Projects: $9.6 Billion
- Dam (8), River Improvement (3,109km), Creek Repair
(1,200km), Seawall Repair (1,204), Forestation (560ha),
Fishing Port (127), Harbor (13,797m)
Mitigation
11 Projects: $21.6 Billion
- Road Repair (57,400㎞), Bridge & Tunnel (4,427), Farmland
Infiltration (29,000㏊), Railway (383), Power Plant & Mine
(8,869), Communication Facility, Drought Control (MOAF,
ME), Flood Warning System, Aged Fishing Boat,
Technical
3 Projects: $215 Million
- Development of Natural Disaster Mitigation Techniques,
Modernization of Weather Forecast Equipment, Establishment
of National Safety Management Information System

17. Disaster Prevention Plan
2. Natural Disaster
Non-structural Preventive Measures in Enforced
Disaster Prevention Plan
Basic Plan: Established Every 5 Years
(Currently the 5th is Acting)
Implementation Plan: Every Year (National, Local)
Disaster
Impact Assessment
For Urban, Industrial Complex, & Other
Development Larger than 1.8㎢ since 1996
Study for the “Pre-consideration Regulation” to
Cover Smaller Area
Disaster Provision
Period: From March to May Every Year
Contents
- Maintenance of Disaster Prone Areas & Facilities
- Management of Large Construction Site, Reservation
Equipment for Emergency Relief, Preparation of Shelters

18. Non-structural Preventive Measures in Enforced
2. Natural Disaster
Non-structural Preventive Measures in Enforced
Designation of
“Off-Limits” Area
To Expedite First-aid Assistance & Order
Evacuation Saving Lives in Public Area
Status : 169 Sites in 13 Cities & Provinces
- 51 Gorges, 38 Rivers, 36 Coastal Areas, 44 Others
Earthquake Damage
Mitigation
Strengthen Resistance Design Code for 20 Structures
- 12 (Nuclear Power Plant, High Rise BLD) by 1999
- 8 Structures (City Railway, etc.) by 2000
Survey of Existing Structures’ Resistance
- Retrofitting Standard (2000∼2002)

19. Strengthen Disaster Information Conveyance
2. Natural Disaster
Non-structural Preventive Measures in Enforced
Strengthen Disaster Information Conveyance
Automated Disaster Status Compilation System
- Automatic Data Compilation of 232 Districts
Installation of Automated Rainfall Warning System
- Completed in 15 Sites out of 115 Sites
Portable Disaster Image Transmission System
- Operation in 232 District of 16 Cities & Provinces
Simultaneous Voice Command Telephone System
- Completed in 46 out of 232 Districts
Development of Emergency Broadcasting System
- Focusing on Automatic On-Off Device for TV &
Radio

20. Non-structural Preventive Measures in Planning
2. Natural Disaster
Non-structural Preventive Measures in Planning
Feasibility Study for Insurance Program
- Contract Unit, Type, Purpose, Coverage,
Role of the Government, etc.
Background Preparation for Implementation
- Regulation Setup for Introduction and Operation of
the Insurance Program, etc.
Preparation of the Flood Map
Systematic Management of Flood Map and
Previous Inundation Record
Manual for Field Survey of Disaster Damage
Database Computer System for Each River Basin
Introduction of Natural Disaster Insurance

21. Non-structural Preventive Measures in Planning
2. Natural Disaster
Non-structural Preventive Measures in Planning
Retention & Infiltration of Rainfall
Researches on Rainfall Retention & Infiltration
Facility Installation Method
Deploy Pilot Facilities and Prepared Regulations for
Implementation
Improve Survey & Recovery Procedures for Public Facilities
Improvement of Disaster Recovery System
Improvement of Damage Estimation Method
Development of SOP for Preparedness, etc.

22. Disaster Status Control
2. Natural Disaster
Disaster Status Control
Three Shifts round-the-clock with 4 Staffs Each
- 3 from MOGAHA & 1 from KMA
Normal
Period
Disaster
Preparedness
(June 15∼
October 15)
Normal Situation : 6 staffs on 24-hour shifts
- 3 from MOGAHA & 3 from KMA, KEPC, & KWRC
Emergency Situation
○ Preparatory Phase (Heavy Rainfall or Typhoon Advisory)
☞ 16 Staffs - 13 from MOGAHA & 3 Related Agencies
○ Alert Phase (Heavy Rainfall or Typhoon Warning)
☞ 34 Staffs - 20 from MOGAHA & 14 Related Agencies
○ Emergency Phase (Nationwide Disaster)
☞ 52 Staffs - 29 from MOGAHA & 23 Related Agencies
※ Similar Operation in Local Headquarters

23. Disaster Response National Disaster Prevention and Countermeasures
2. Natural Disaster
Disaster Response
National Disaster
Prevention and
Countermeasures
Headquarters
Relevant Ministries
& Corporations
i.e., Korean Meteo-
rological Agency
(Satellite Imagery),
Min. of Defense,
Korea Red Cross,
etc.
- General nationwide supervision
of disaster status control
- Emergency measures and support
for urgent issues
- Restoration planning
Cooperation
Order
Report
Municipal/Provincial
Disaster
Countermeasures HQ
- Collection of overall information
on the status of disasters in a city
/county/district
- Command of emergency measures
and urgent condition control
Order
Report
City/County/District
Disaster
Countermeasures HQ
- Collection of overall information
on the status of disasters in such
administrative units as an eup,
myon and dong
- Command of emergency measures
and urgent condition control
- Restoration planning
Occurrence of Disaster

24. Transportation Accident
3. Man-made Disaster
Statistics (1995∼1998)
< Unit: Million $>
Item
Occurrence
Death
Damage
Average
31,852
39,720
82.0
Fire
29,218
2,230
123.8
Wildfire
487 30
4.7
Collapse
195
555
70.0
Explosion
335
371
17.1
Transportation Accident
252,157
350,571
401.5
Environmental
Contamination 77 8
24.0
Sea Accident
583
1,027
27.9
Others
3,619
2,690
68.5

25. of Dangerous Facilities
3. Man-made Disaster
Preventive Measures
Management
of Dangerous Facilities
Checking Bridges & House Every Year
Classification as Class A, B, C, D, & E, and
Classes D & E are Checked Every Month
Exercise and Drill
Field Exercise and Disaster Games according to
Disaster Type
Public Campaign
Support Safety Culture Movement of NGOs to
Promote Public Participation & Awareness
Database Management
Database for Facility Status & Checking Point as
Part of Nat. Safety Management Information System

26. 4. Fire Safety Fire Suppression Rescue and Emergency Medical Service
○ Statistics
Item
1997
1998
1999
Occurrence
Death
Damage (m$)
29,472
2,195
121.7
32,664
2,284
159.7
33,856
2,370
166.4
※ Daily Average (1999): 93 Fires, 6.5 Death, $0.5 million
Rescue and Emergency Medical Service
○ Life Saving and Serving People by 119 Rescue Squad
Daily Average (1999): 226 Rescued and 2,607 used EMS Transportation
★ 119 International Activities
○ Cambodian Airline Crash in 1997, Turkey & Taiwan Earthquakes in 1999

27. Organization Fire Administration Bureau Fire Service Academy
4. Fire Safety
Organization
Fire Administration
Bureau
Fire Service Academy
National 119 Rescue
Provincial
Headquarters
Aviation Corps (11)
Local Academy (5)
Fire Department (140)
Rescue Team (143)
Fire Station (728)
Rescue Squad (1,052)

28. Preventive Projects ○ Fire Safety Inspection as Preventive Measures:
- 5,646 Sites including Factories, Hotels, & etc.
○ Strengthen 119 Capabilities for Improved Fire Suppression
& Emergency Rescue
- Expand Fire Posts: 26 (2 Fire Stations, 3 Police Boxes, 11 Squad)
- 69 Fire Engines, 139 Rescue Equipment
- Distribute Beepers for Old Solitaries for Emergency Call
○ Reinforce Communication & Information System
- Strengthen Cable & Wireless Communication System
- Establish Emergency Rescue Information System
· Pilot System in Chungbuk Province → Nationwide

29. Cooperation with other Organizations

30. 2. International Cooperation
1. Korean NGOs
Citizens’ Assembly for Safe Live
2. International Cooperation
UN/ISDR following UN/IDNDR
UN/ESCAP, WMO Typhoon Committee
ADRC
ADPC
COE, PDC, FEMA,
the Northeast Asia Forum and etc.
3. Other Governmental Element
23 competent agencies including the Ministry of
Defense for Disaster Situation Control
Regular Cooperation for Civil Defense Drill
END