1. Chapter 13 International Terrorism Global Issue I

2. Introduction How can you define terrorism? What is your description of a terrorist? Is this something you think everyone would agree on? Why or why not?

3. Terrorism A strategy by which subnational groups not recognized as legitimate by the states they oppose seek to resist those states by targeting non-state actors – Meant to spread fear and disrupt flow of everyday life – Usually seek a political or military response

4. Definition of Terrorism There are many view points from which one can draw to describe terrorism – Not one definition is correct – Depends on where you stand on the situation Freedom fighter vs. Terrorist – One group claims terrorist, another claims freedom fighter – Goes back to cultural misunderstandings and culture

5. Roots of Terrorism Rise of Colonialism – European colonial powers were imperialist in their colonies – Insurgencies developed to combat this imperialism Anarchists – The most global terrorist movement of the colonial era – Between the 1870’s and World War I, assassinated three kings, two presidents, and two prime ministers – Bombed railway cars and financial districts in Europe and North America

6. Terrorism Today Widely distributed around the globe – Iraq is currently a leading site due to the United States’ occupation – Africa, South America, and Asia have seen an increased number of terrorist attacks Staggering numbers of casualties – In one year Africa suffered 5,379 deaths as a result of terrorist attacks, the highest per year of any country – The U.S. holds second place with 4,465 deaths in 2001

7. What Causes Terrorism? Activities by states – Most of the time, terrorism is an opposition to a state’s way of doing things – “State terrorism” refers to the use by states of retaliatory bombing, death squads, torture, etc. – “State-sponsored terrorism” occurs when states harbor and sometimes support terrorist enemies of another state

8. Globalization’s Role In Terrorism Globalization has opened up new opportunities for terrorists – Communication networks allow terrorists to more easily communicate with the public – Because people move from place to place for work and tourism so frequently, terrorists can slip through the cracks – Allows for relationships to be built between other illegal activity groups such as drug traffickers to benefit from one another

9. Misconceptions of Terrorism Terrorism is not an inherently religious act – No religion is more prone to producing terrorists Stereotyping occurs due to larger scale terrorist attacks that receive media attention