1. English for Lawyers I Revision

2. Put the verbs in brackets into appropriate forms On 26 April 1999, new Civil Procedure Rules ___(bring, passive) into effect. They use much simpler language than previous rules. They also ___(change) the vocabulary used in court cases. For example, anyone starting a civil case _now___(call, passive) ‘the claimant’; previously the term used in most cases ___(be) ‘the plaintiff’. The document___(use) to start cases is a claim form, rather than a writ or a summons. The new terms ___(use, passive) now, but the old terms still appear in reports of cases decided before April 1999. On 26 April 1999, new Civil Procedure Rules ___(bring, passive) into effect. They use much simpler language than previous rules. They also ___(change) the vocabulary used in court cases. For example, anyone starting a civil case _now___(call, passive) ‘the claimant’; previously the term used in most cases ___(be) ‘the plaintiff’. The document___(use) to start cases is a claim form, rather than a writ or a summons. The new terms ___(use, passive) now, but the old terms still appear in reports of cases decided before April 1999.

3. Key On 26 April 1999, new Civil Procedure Rules were brought into effect. They use much simpler language than previous rules. They also changed the vocabulary used in court cases. For example, anyone starting a civil case is now called ‘the claimant’; previously the term used in most cases was ‘the plaintiff’. The document used to start cases is a claim form, rather than a writ or a summons. The new terms are used now, but the old terms still appear in reports of cases decided before April 1999. On 26 April 1999, new Civil Procedure Rules were brought into effect. They use much simpler language than previous rules. They also changed the vocabulary used in court cases. For example, anyone starting a civil case is now called ‘the claimant’; previously the term used in most cases was ‘the plaintiff’. The document used to start cases is a claim form, rather than a writ or a summons. The new terms are used now, but the old terms still appear in reports of cases decided before April 1999.

4. Put the verbs in brackets into appropriate forms Permission to appeal ____(require, passive) in most cases. It can ___(grant, passive) by the lower court where the decision ____(make, passive) by the Court of Appeal. Permission to appeal will____(grant, passive) where the court ____(consider) that an appeal would have a real prospect of success or that there was some other compelling reason why the appeal should ____(hear, passive). Permission to appeal ____(require, passive) in most cases. It can ___(grant, passive) by the lower court where the decision ____(make, passive) by the Court of Appeal. Permission to appeal will____(grant, passive) where the court ____(consider) that an appeal would have a real prospect of success or that there was some other compelling reason why the appeal should ____(hear, passive).

5. Key Permission to appeal is required in most cases. It can be granted by the lower court where the decision was made o by the Court of Appeal. Permission to appeal will only be granted where the court considers that an appeal would have a real prospect of success or that there was some other compelling reason why the appeal should be heard. Permission to appeal is required in most cases. It can be granted by the lower court where the decision was made o by the Court of Appeal. Permission to appeal will only be granted where the court considers that an appeal would have a real prospect of success or that there was some other compelling reason why the appeal should be heard.

6. Put the verbs in brackets into appropriate forms Permission to appeal ______(require, negative, passive) in cases where the liberty of the individual is in issue; for example in an appeal against a committal to prison for ____(break) an injunction. Permission to appeal ______(require, negative, passive) in cases where the liberty of the individual is in issue; for example in an appeal against a committal to prison for ____(break) an injunction.

7. Key Permission to appeal is not required in cases where the liberty of the individual is in issue; for example in an appeal against a committal to prison for breaking an injunction. Permission to appeal is not required in cases where the liberty of the individual is in issue; for example in an appeal against a committal to prison for breaking an injunction.

8. Fill in the missing words: breach, claimant, contract, courts, damages, remedy The main ___awarded by the ____ is an order that an amount of money must be paid to the___. This is called an award of _____. The object of an award of damages in cases of ___of contract is to put the claimant in the same position, as far as money can do it, as he would have been had the ___not been broken. The main ___awarded by the ____ is an order that an amount of money must be paid to the___. This is called an award of _____. The object of an award of damages in cases of ___of contract is to put the claimant in the same position, as far as money can do it, as he would have been had the ___not been broken.

9. Key The main remedy awarded by the courts is an order that an amount of money must be paid to the claimant. This is called an award of damages. The object of an award of damages in cases of breach of contract is to put the claimant in the same position, as far as money can do it, as he would have been had the contract not been broken. The main remedy awarded by the courts is an order that an amount of money must be paid to the claimant. This is called an award of damages. The object of an award of damages in cases of breach of contract is to put the claimant in the same position, as far as money can do it, as he would have been had the contract not been broken.

10. Fill in the missing words: amount, assistance, cases, damages, disabled, earnings General ___ are for matters which cannot be neatly itemised. In personal injury ___this will include an _____ for pain and suffering and also for future loss of ____. It will also include an amount for the cost of nursing or other necessary ___, or for adapting a home to accomodate a ____ person. General ___ are for matters which cannot be neatly itemised. In personal injury ___this will include an _____ for pain and suffering and also for future loss of ____. It will also include an amount for the cost of nursing or other necessary ___, or for adapting a home to accomodate a ____ person.

11. Key General damages are for matters which cannot be neatly itemised. In personal injury cases this will include an amount for pain and suffering and also for future loss of earnings. It will also include an amount for the cost of nursing or other necessary assistance, or for adating a home to accomodate a disabled person. General damages are for matters which cannot be neatly itemised. In personal injury cases this will include an amount for pain and suffering and also for future loss of earnings. It will also include an amount for the cost of nursing or other necessary assistance, or for adating a home to accomodate a disabled person.

12. behaviour, Criminal, law, order, rights,rules, sanctions, security ___ law is central to the relationship between ___and society. It seeks to regulate___; it provides ___against those who break those___. It is initmately linked with key social policy objectives, such as the maintenance of law and ___and preservation of the peace, ___of the individual and the protection of property. It is also linked to other objectives, especially the protection of human ___and individual freedoms. ___ law is central to the relationship between ___and society. It seeks to regulate___; it provides ___against those who break those___. It is initmately linked with key social policy objectives, such as the maintenance of law and ___and preservation of the peace, ___of the individual and the protection of property. It is also linked to other objectives, especially the protection of human ___and individual freedoms.

13. Key Criminal law is central to the relationship between law and society. It seeks to regulate behaviour; it provides sanctions against those who break those rules. It is initmately linked with key social policy objectives, such as the maintenance of law and order and preservation of the peace, security of the individual and the prtection of property. It is also linked to other objectives, especially the protection of human rights and individual freedoms. Criminal law is central to the relationship between law and society. It seeks to regulate behaviour; it provides sanctions against those who break those rules. It is initmately linked with key social policy objectives, such as the maintenance of law and order and preservation of the peace, security of the individual and the prtection of property. It is also linked to other objectives, especially the protection of human rights and individual freedoms.

14. law-makers, preservation, procedure, provisions, rules One of the great difficulties ___face when thinking about the development of ___of criminal law and criminal ___ is how to achieve a proper balance between the ___of the crimnal law and the ____of liberty and the freedom of the individual. One of the great difficulties ___face when thinking about the development of ___of criminal law and criminal ___ is how to achieve a proper balance between the ___of the crimnal law and the ____of liberty and the freedom of the individual.

15. Key One of the great difficulties law-makers face when thinking about the development of rules of criminal law and criminal procedure is how to achieve a proper balance between the provisions of the crimnal law and the preservation of liberty and the freedom of the individual. One of the great difficulties law-makers face when thinking about the development of rules of criminal law and criminal procedure is how to achieve a proper balance between the provisions of the crimnal law and the preservation of liberty and the freedom of the individual.

16. Supply the appropriate legal term The act of breaking or violating; breach, violation The act of breaking or violating; breach, violation Infraction Infraction A lawyer; and expert in the field of law, a person skilled in the philosophy or science of the law A lawyer; and expert in the field of law, a person skilled in the philosophy or science of the law Jurist Jurist To put in force; to cause to take effect; to give effect to To put in force; to cause to take effect; to give effect to enforce enforce

17. Supply the appropriate legal term Fairness, moral justness; recourse to justice to correct or supplement the law, system of law coexisting with and superseding common and statute law Fairness, moral justness; recourse to justice to correct or supplement the law, system of law coexisting with and superseding common and statute law Equity Equity The highest judicial functionary in the UK The highest judicial functionary in the UK The Lord Chancellor The Lord Chancellor

18. Supply the appropriate legal term A way of puting something right; the means given by law for the recovery or compensation of a right A way of puting something right; the means given by law for the recovery or compensation of a right Remedy Remedy The body of law and legal theory that is based on custom and made by judicial decisions The body of law and legal theory that is based on custom and made by judicial decisions Common law Common law A statute; a law made by the legislature A statute; a law made by the legislature Act Act

19. Supply the appropriate legal term A judicial decision that serves as a rule for future determinations in similar or analogous cases A judicial decision that serves as a rule for future determinations in similar or analogous cases Precedent Precedent To establish a legal and authoritative act; to make into a law To establish a legal and authoritative act; to make into a law Enact Enact A non-fulfilment of a contract; the failure to perform one or more of the promises of which a contract is made up A non-fulfilment of a contract; the failure to perform one or more of the promises of which a contract is made up Breach of contract Breach of contract

20. Supply the appropriate legal term Voluntary agreement Voluntary agreement Consent Consent A system of government in which power is held by a central authority A system of government in which power is held by a central authority Unitary state Unitary state The making of laws The making of laws legislation legislation

21. Supply the appropriate legal term The law which comprises the rights and duties of sovereign states towards each other The law which comprises the rights and duties of sovereign states towards each other Public international law Public international law The law which comprises the rights and duties of the citizens of different states towards each other The law which comprises the rights and duties of the citizens of different states towards each other Private international law Private international law

22. Supply the appropriate legal term An agreement between nations An agreement between nations Treaty Treaty An agreement between two or more parties which is intended by them to have legal consequences An agreement between two or more parties which is intended by them to have legal consequences Contract Contract

23. Supply the appropriate legal term a crime; an act or omission punishable under the law a crime; an act or omission punishable under the law Offence Offence A civil wrong; a wrong done by one person to another and not arising from a contract A civil wrong; a wrong done by one person to another and not arising from a contract tort tort

24. Supply the appropriate legal term Legal obligation Legal obligation Liability Liability The surrender of a person by one state to another The surrender of a person by one state to another Extradition Extradition Legal strength or force Legal strength or force validity validity

25. Supply the appropriate legal term The supreme legislative body The supreme legislative body Parliament Parliament An organized body having the authority to make laws An organized body having the authority to make laws Legislature Legislature The giving of judgment The giving of judgment adjudication adjudication

26. Supply the appropriate legal term A law made by the legislature; and Act of Parliament A law made by the legislature; and Act of Parliament Statute Statute One that makes or helps to make laws One that makes or helps to make laws Legislator Legislator The book that contains the written law The book that contains the written law Statute book Statute book

27. Supply the appropriate legal term The collective term for judges The collective term for judges Judiciary Judiciary The official head of the Cabinet The official head of the Cabinet Prime Minister Prime Minister The chief ministers of the British government The chief ministers of the British government The Cabinet The Cabinet Public administrative officials in the UK Public administrative officials in the UK Civil servants Civil servants

28. Supply the appropriate legal term Concerned with carrying laws into effect Concerned with carrying laws into effect Executive Executive A judicial disrict in England and Wales A judicial disrict in England and Wales Circuit Circuit Paid, full-time magistrates Paid, full-time magistrates Stipendiary magistrates Stipendiary magistrates Subordinate, lay magistrates Subordinate, lay magistrates Justices of the peace (J.P.s) Justices of the peace (J.P.s)

29. Supply the appropriate legal term The upper house of UK Parliament The upper house of UK Parliament The House of Lords The House of Lords The lower house of UK Parliament The lower house of UK Parliament The House of Commons The House of Commons A member of the nobility who may sit in the House of Lords A member of the nobility who may sit in the House of Lords peer peer

30. Supply the appropriate legal term A member of the legal profession whose main function is to argue cases in court A member of the legal profession whose main function is to argue cases in court Barrister Barrister The right to represent one’s client in a court of law The right to represent one’s client in a court of law Right of audience Right of audience A society of solicitors A society of solicitors The Law Society The Law Society

31. Supply the appropriate legal term A person who consults a solicitor A person who consults a solicitor Lay client Lay client A document recording how a person’s property is to be disposed after his death A document recording how a person’s property is to be disposed after his death Will Will The whole of a person’s property according to the law The whole of a person’s property according to the law estate estate

32. Supply the appropriate legal term The transfer of the ownership of property from one person to another The transfer of the ownership of property from one person to another Conveyance Conveyance A statement of a client’s case written by a solicitor A statement of a client’s case written by a solicitor Brief Brief A barrister-at-law A barrister-at-law counsel counsel

33. Supply the appropriate legal term To bring civil action To bring civil action Sue Sue A sum of money claimed or adjudged in compensation of loss or injury A sum of money claimed or adjudged in compensation of loss or injury Damages Damages The failure to take reasonable care to avoid foreseeable injury to others The failure to take reasonable care to avoid foreseeable injury to others negligence negligence

34. Supply the appropriate legal term A room or set of rooms used by a judge or several barristers A room or set of rooms used by a judge or several barristers Chambers Chambers Compensation in the form of a fixed charge for professional service Compensation in the form of a fixed charge for professional service fee fee A rough, preliminary version of a legal document A rough, preliminary version of a legal document draft draft

35. Supply the appropriate legal term The right or authority of a court to give judgment in a case The right or authority of a court to give judgment in a case Jurisdiction Jurisdiction Imposing an obligation, duty or responsibility Imposing an obligation, duty or responsibility binding binding

36. Supply the appropriate legal term To reach agreement in a dispute To reach agreement in a dispute Settle Settle A body of persons whose task is to decide, on the evidence presented, whether the accused is guilty or not guilty A body of persons whose task is to decide, on the evidence presented, whether the accused is guilty or not guilty Jury Jury To institute legal proceedings against, to accuse of a crime To institute legal proceedings against, to accuse of a crime prosecute prosecute

37. Supply the appropriate legal term A member of a jury A member of a jury Juror Juror A complaint to a superior court of an injustice done by an inferior court A complaint to a superior court of an injustice done by an inferior court Appeal Appeal The person who is sued in a civil action The person who is sued in a civil action defendant defendant