2.   The use of gov’t authority to control the private sector  Occurs everyday in your lives  EPA: require pollution control  FTC: unfair advertising claims Regulated

3.   Munn v. Illinois (1877) : upheld Congress’s right to regulate business.  Issue: Can Congress regulate warehouse prices of a Chicago warehouse  Reasoning: Congress could regulate business practices as they are a part of commerce Why can they do this?

4.   3 elements all regulations have  1) A grant of power/direction from Congress  2) A set of rules and guidelines for the agency itself  3) Some means of enforcing compliance with the regulation What makes a regulation

5.   Deregulation: lifting of government restrictions.  Why? (allegedly)  Raising prices: regulations make goods cost more  Hurting America’s competitive position:  Other nations have fewer(less expensive) regulations  Failure to work well: may be hard to enforce, or just too cumbersome. Get out of here Regulation

6.   Bureaucracies/bureaucrats spend about $3 trillion of American GDP  Unelected policymakers  Due to how influential they are, Presidents attempt to control bureaucracies Policy makers

7.   1. Appoint the head of the agency to achieve means  2. Issue orders  Executive Order: Presidential order that carries the weight of law.  3. Alter an agencies budget  4. Reorganize the bureau How?

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10.   _____24.) ____ systems are designed to hire and promote members of the bureaucracy on the basis of merit and to create a nonpartisan government service.  A.) Patronage  B.) Civil service  C.) Hatch  D.) Civilian  E.) Military

11.   _____22.) The authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem is  called  A.) policy implementation.  B.) selective management.  C.) the merit principle.  D.) the definition of alternatives.  E.) administrative discretion.

12.   2.) In the first half of United States history, bureaucracies tended to act in a client-oriented role. However, since the early 1900s, the bureaucracy has become more of a regulator.  a.)Identify TWO agencies that serve in a regulatory capacity and give an example of a regulation each has made.  b.)Describe ONE complaint made about the federal bureaucracy acting in the role of a regulator.