1. Riga, 25 th April 2007 Expert meeting Twinning LV/2005-IB/EN/01 Water Quality

2. Adapt SCS & HBV to Latvian conditions Use the long-term hydrological monitoring sites & their land cover characteristics in a pilot catchment. Test SCS & HBV for all the discharge monitoring sites 0 4 8 12 0500010000 l/s/km 2 Catchment of discharge monitoring sites km 2 Apply SCS & HBV to all the Latvian river Calculated discharges for the Latvian rivers Hydrology monitoring

3. Adapt SWAT & TRK to Latvian conditions Use the existing long-term water quality monitoring sites & their land cover characteristics in the selected pilot drainage basin. Water quality monitoring

4. Land cover types in the main water quality monitoring sites 0 20 40 60 80 020406080100 % Forest % Agriculture Test SWAT & TRK for all the long term water quality monitoring sites Water quality monitoring

5. Determine the drainage basin characteristics of the 222 rivers and 263 lakes monitoring sites which will be surveyed over the 3 years period

6. Select monitoring sites with the largest range of size and landscape structure / cover Water quality monitoring

7. 2000400060008000 400 800 1200 Net Nitrogen input (kg km -2 yr -1 ) Nitrogen fluxes in Rivers (kg km -2 yr -1 ) Baltic European SW Coast St Laurent North Canada Mississippi USA SE Coast USA NE Coast European NW coast North Sea Adapted from Howarth et al. 1996 Water quality monitoring

10. Optimize the temporal framework

11. Proposed water quality monitoring in Latvia Sampling effort Nutrients (N & P) & Basic indicators (O 2 – pH, conductivity, SM) Total of analyses Nb of sites with Monthly sampling Nb of sites with Seasonal sampling Daugava5525123 Lielupe208925 Venta260744 Gauja152329 3050560 1215204 1520260 815156 128 80 34 27 35 51 32 23 245 165 24 65 221 100 1172 1180 Choose the best spatio-temporal framework for water quality monitoring Water quality monitoring

12. Sampling at low waterin summer in winter Sampling at high waterduring snowmelt in autumn 1 - Easy to planify 2 - Meaningfull in terms of representativeness of low flow (baseflow) conditions 3 - Provides realistic values to calculate nutrient fluxes Proposal for nutrients and basic indicators 65 sites with monthly sampling instead of 24 including low and high water seasonal sampling 100 sites with seasonal sampling instead of 221 Purchase autonomous automatic samplers Measure Dissolved Organic Carbon

13. Test SWAT & TRK for the selected high frequency water quality monitoring sites Apply SWAT & TRK for the low frequency water quality monitoring sites Water quality monitoring Apply SWAT & TRK for non monitored sites Determine sites at risk

14. Link Surface & Groundwater monitoring

15. Establish threshold values for groundwater Identify the receptors at risk within each groundwater body Groundwater associated surface waters: Rivers, Lakes Transitional, Coastal waters Groundwater dependent terrestrial ecosystems and wetlands Human use (drinking – irrigation – industry – farming)