1. IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Assessment of External and Internal Exposures Michael Hajek Radiation Safety and Monitoring Section Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety Department of Nuclear Safety and Security

2. IAEA Radiation Safety Technical Services Mandate Apply safety standards to own operations and operations under IAEA control or supervision IAEA Statute as amended up to 23 February 1989, Art. III.A.6. Responsible for radiation protection and safety of staff members, experts, trainees, visitors and other persons, who may be exposed to ionizing radiation during these operations (Articles III.A.6; XI.F.2 and XII.2) IAEA Statute as amended up to 23 February 1989, Arts XI.F.2 and XII.A.2. Assess occupational exposure from external sources of radiation and due to intakes of radionuclides Radiation Safety Technical Services2

3. IAEA Process of Individual Monitoring Radiation Safety Technical Services3

4. IAEA Data Management Procedures Monitored quantities Signal measured Operational quantities H p (d) or intake Protection quantities Effective dose Results reported to DiCh, RPOs and staff members Related by calibration and calculation Related by calculation All results kept in the Individual Monitoring Services Group (IMSG) Radiation Safety Technical Services4

5. IAEA Quantities Used for Reporting Measurement results will be recorded and, if appropriate, reported in terms of H p (d)…Personal dose equivalent [mSv] A…Activity [Bq] I…Intake [Bq] H E …Committed effective dose [mSv] E…Effective dose [mSv] Radiation Safety Technical Services5

6. IAEA External Dosimetry Whole-body thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) −Labelled with wearer’s name and sealed in plastic bag −8814 beta/gamma/neutron (BGN) dosimeter holder with appropriate filtration, containing 4 LiF:Mg,Ti TLDs encapsulated between Teflon sheets on durable aluminium card substrate −8806 albedo gamma/neutron (GN) dosimeter holder with appropriate filtration, containing 4 LiF:Mg,Ti TLDs encapsulated between Teflon sheets on durable aluminium card substrate Extremity thermoluminescence dosimeters (DXT-RAD) −Adjustable finger ring carrying TLD pellet bonded to Kapton ® film Whole-body electronic personal dosimeters (EPDs) Radiation Safety Technical Services6

7. IAEA Whole-Body TLD Configuration BGN typeGN type Radiation Safety Technical Services7

8. IAEA Whole-Body TLD Configuration BGN typeGN type Radiation Safety Technical Services8

9. IAEA Whole-Body TLD Specifications Detector: LiF:Mg,Ti Measurement quantities: H p (10) and H p (0.07) Energy range: −Photons: 33 keV to 1,250 keV and 6.6 MeV −Beta: 230 keV (Pm) to 2.2 MeV (Sr) −Neutrons: Thermal to 5 MeV Dose range: 0.05 mSv to 10 Sv Radiation Safety Technical Services9

10. IAEA Extremity TLD Configuration Disk dosimeter with circular barcode TLD pellets Radiation Safety Technical Services10

11. IAEA TLD Readers Harshaw 6600plusHarshaw 5500 Radiation Safety Technical Services11

12. IAEA Whole-Body EPD Specifications Detector: 3 silicon diodes Measurement quantities: H p (10) and H p (0.07) Energy range: −Photons: 33 keV (N-40) to 1,250 keV (S-Co) and 6.6 MeV (R-F) −Beta: 230 keV (Pm) to 2.2 MeV (Sr) Dose range: 0.001 mSv to 10 Sv Neutron EPDs available upon request Radiation Safety Technical Services12

13. IAEA Internal Dosimetry Direct monitoring (in vivo) −Whole body −Organs (lungs, liver, thyroid, …) Indirect monitoring (in vitro) −Biological samples (urine, faeces, nails, …) −Physical samples Radiation Safety Technical Services13

14. IAEA Whole-Body Counting Laboratory Equipment: −Broad-energy Germanium detectors −Canberra DSA 1000 multichannel analyser Low energy range: 5 keV to 300 keV High energy range: 15 keV to 2 MeV Radiation Safety Technical Services14

15. IAEA Urine Analysis Laboratory Gamma spectrometry for photon emitters −Equipment: High-purity and broad-energy Germanium detectors −Energy range: 10 keV to 2 MeV Alpha spectrometry for alpha emitters −Equipment: Alpha Analyst with PIPS detectors −Energy range: 2 to 8 MeV Liquid scintillation counting for beta emitters −Equipment: Tri-Carb 3170 TR/SL −Energy range: 0 to 18.6 keV Radiation Safety Technical Services15

16. IAEA Accredited Methods Individual monitoring −External dosimetry by means of active personal dosimeters, TLD (γ, β, n) and extremity (β) −Internal Dosimetry by means of WBC for torso and lungs (trans-U), UAL for α, β and γ emitters Workplace monitoring −Dose rate, surface contamination, Pu in air and waste, leakage test of sources Radiation Safety Technical Services16

17. IAEA Thank you for your kind attention! Radiation Safety Technical Services17