1. Transportation Security: Three Years After 9/11
Eva Lerner-Lam and Monica Isbell
Palisades Security Consulting Team
Presented at the ITS Washington Annual Meeting
Tuesday, September 21, 2004

2. Overview of Presentation
What is being done today
3 years after attack on our homeland
9/11 Commission Report
Legislative Initiatives in the 108th Congress
Emerging Issues
Process vs. technology (both are important, but technology is not the “magic bullet”)
“I can tell you, but then I’d have to shoot you…”
Who’s going to pay for all this?

3. What is Being Done Today: Better Integrated Planning
DHS is developing a National Response Plan (NRP) that consolidates and reconciles multiple national-level incident response plans into a single, focused, universally understood strategy

4. What is Being Done Today: Cargo
Every port in America has submitted a security plan
The Coast Guard is overseeing physical and procedural security improvements through federal grants and self-funding by ports

5. What is Being Done Today: Cargo
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) screens data and documents of all imports and physically inspects 100% of cargo identified as “high risk.”
CBP continues to introduce new voluntary and mandatory programs covering imported cargo

6. What is Being Done Today: Cargo
Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (voluntary)
Container Security Initiative (CSI) (voluntary)
Random Non-Intrusive Inspections (NII) and Vehicle and Cargo Inspection Systems (VACIS)

7. What is Being Done Today: Cargo
48-hour Port Entry application and notice to the Coast Guard for all vessels
Advance Manifest requirement for key data elements to enable CBP to perform risk assessment
Ocean cargo - before cargo loading at foreign port
Airfreight, rail and truck shipments - prior to entering U.S. borders

8. What is Being Done Today: Cargo
“Smart” technologies for cargo containers are being developed
High security seals
Container sensor devices to detect tampering, radiation, explosives, etc.
Costs must go down to encourage wide-spread use

9. What is Being Done Today: Passengers
Air Travel
Vulnerability assessments
Hardened cockpit doors on 100% of large passenger aircraft
100% of all checked baggage is screened

10. What is Being Done Today: Passengers
Transit
Bus, Rail and Ferry Operators have performed vulnerability assessments of operations and facilities

11. What is Being Done Today: Passengers
Immigration
US-VISIT system links databases
TSA Secure Flight Program

12. What is Being Done Today: HazMat
Trucking and Rail
American Chemical Council and others have required security vulnerability assessment of all aspects including the accountability of security of chemicals in transit.

13. What is Being Done Today: Information Sharing
The Homeland Security Information Network (HSIN)
New 24-hour Homeland Security Operations Center co-locates 35 different Federal agencies

14. What is Being Done Today: Response
Interoperability:
DHS’s Safecom and RapidCom programs
Developing a patch-panel device

15. What is Being Done Today: Training
450,000+ first responders trained since FY2002

16. What is Being Done Today: Citizens
Citizen Preparedness:
National Preparedness Month
Citizen Corps Councils
Transit Watch

17. What is Being Done Today: People
BioShield Act of 2004:
BioShield ensures vaccines, drugs and medical supplies are ready for rapid distribution
BioWatch monitors air samples frequently in major urban cities nationwide

18. What is Being Done Today: Emerging Technologies
Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency (HSARPA)
University-based partnerships

19. What is Being Done Today: Emerging Technologies
ITS methods and technologies and enhancements for:
Tracking of hazmats and other weapons/targets
System Security against terrorist interference

20. What is Being Done Today: Funding
Congressional Funding:
$19.8 billion in FY03
$31.2 billion in FY04
$40.2 billion in FY05
Is this enough? If not, from where will the money come?

21. 9/11 Commission Report: Key Finding
“Lack of Imagination” by people and organizations with responsibility for public safety and security

22. 9/11 Commission Report Findings
“Fighting terrorism was not a high priority”
Capabilities of Intelligence, Defense and other agencies were constrained by antiquated and ineffective policies and processes
Inefficient management of government: “The enemy made mistakes; our government wasn’t able to capitalize on them.”

23. 9/11 Commission Report Recommendations
DHS should develop an integrated plan to focus resources in a manner to best protect all the transportation modes
Seek improvements in technologies with applications across transportation modes
Standardize equipment, data, processes

24. Pending Congressional Legislation
9/11 Commission Report Implementation Act of 2004

25. Pending Congressional Legislation
Fifty other bills related to “Transportation Security” including:
Intermodal Shipping Container Security Act (S.2297.IS)
Rail Security Act of 2004 (S.2273.RS)
Safe TRAINS Act (H.R.4361.IH)
Rail Transit Security and Safety Act of 2004 (H.R.4476.IH)
Public Transportation Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (S.2453.RS/H.5082)

26. Emerging Issue #1: Over-Reliance on Technology
Technology can only go so far; must address Process
Process improvements include:
“Layered” security throughout the system
Employee duties adapted for security
Companies securing their supply chains
Interoperability of systems
Standards, protocols, interfaces are very critical!

27. Emerging Issue #2: Increasing Reluctance to Share Information and Best Practices
Notion that security-related projects must be kept secret, even among peers and colleagues, for fear of information falling into the “wrong hands” (or those of a competitor)
Need to find a way to exchange knowledge or we risk unnecessary duplication of effort--or worse
To “win the war” we need to find ways to communicate with each other on the “battlefield”!
(e.g., case of agency not providing information on communications and power systems to vendors bidding on video surveillance system due to their determination that such information was “security-sensitive”)

28. Emerging Issue #3: Who’s paying for all this security?
Partnership between government, private sector and users

29. Contributors and Reviewers
Donald Estes, Sonalysts, Inc.
Ric Finn, Sonalysts, Inc.
George Kovatch, Kovatch Consulting
Ronald S. Libengood, CPP, Securacomm, Inc.
Tom McPherson, Sonalysts, Inc.
William C. Nicholson, Widener University School of Law
Pete Sklannik, Jr., Chief Operating Officer, Trinity Railway Express