1. 1 The household position of the elderly during the 18-19 th centuries in the Carpathian Basin: Pilot studies from Hungarian micro-databases Tamás Faragó (BCE), Peter Őri and Levente Pakot (DRI)

2. 2 Proportions of elderly persons (60+) in three countries (1760-2001)

3. 3 Regional differences in the proportion of elderly persons in the Hungarian Kingdom (1880)

4. 4 Basic data of the „Hungary 1760” sample (Preliminary version)

5. 5 Marital status of the elderly persons in Hungary (1760)

6. 6 Household position by sex of elderly persons (1760)

7. 7 Conclusion and summary (I.) The regional picture of elderly indicates several factors influencing the level, the pace, and the character of ageing; The detailed analysis of a sample from the 18 th century Hungary suggest remarkable differences between the village and town population, as well as among the cultural groups, and between the ancient and newly settled inhabitants; The position of the elderly in pre-industrial Hungary is much nearer to the traditional view on the ageing than to the picture of early modern North-Western European populations formed about.

8. Outline 1. Data (collection supported by MPIDR in the framework of MOSAIC project) 2. Descriptive statistics 3. Multivariate analysis 4. Conclusions

9. Data Sample from Census 1869: General characteristics Transylvania sample (Maros-Torda c.) „Partium” sample (Közép-Szolnok c.) Total Nr. of settlem. 7613 Av. pop. size 836578 Nr. of indiv. 584934659314* Nr. of househ. 13017412042* % of material preserved 8.413.5 ‰ of regional pop. size 3.02.9

10. Data Sample from Census 1869: Denominational Distribution (%) R. cath. Gr. cath. Arm. cath. Orth.Luth.Calv.Unit.Jew. Trans. sample 11.2 24.4 0.4 32.9 0.1 25.0 0.85.1 „Partium” sample 2.1 66.5 0.20.0 27.8 0.03.5

11. Data Sample from Census 1869: Occupational Distribution (%) Freeholders/ smallholders Landless/ day lab. Artis.Intell.Merch. Others/ unkown Trans. sample 63.722.5 7.42.52.01.9 „Partium” sample 70.417.0 2.82.42.15.2

12. Data Sample from Census 1869: Household Structure (L.-H. typ.) (%) SolitaireNo family Simple family Extended family Multiple family Aver. hh. size Trans. sample 2.02.3 81.910.23.6 4.5 „Partium ” sample 5.12.6 72.611.97.8 5.7

13. Descriptive results Estimates of the Older Pop. (%) PercentSex ratio Age 50+Age 65+Age 50+Age 65+ Trans. sample 10.72.6 134175 Maros c. 12.03.0113119 Trans. region 13.63.9113111 „Partium” sample 10.43.4109123 Közép-Szolnok c. 11.63.4118122 „Partium” region 12.74.7119120

14. Descriptive results Living Arrang. of the Pop. Aged 50+ Married WidowedSingle WomenMenWomenMenWomenMen Trans. sample Nr. of cases173291846172 Unmarried children 49.162.226.2 0.0 No children 27.822.0 5.611.5 14.3 0.0 Married children 17.312.456.054.1 0.0 Other kin 2.3 1.4 3.6 1.757.1100.0 Nonkin 3.4 2.1 8.3 6.628.6 0.0 Part. sample Nr. of cases85140824155 Unmarried children 29.449.319.517.1 0.0 No children 15.310.711.0 9.8 20.0 Married children 45.932.952.453.7 20.0 Other kin 4.7 3.6 3.7 2.460.040.0 Nonkin 4.7 3.613.417.0 0.020.0

15. Descriptive results % of the Older Pop. Living in Various Resid. Arrangements (married women/men) Married womenMarried men 50-5455-5960-6465+50-5455-5960-6465+ Trans. Nr. of cases6660262197854861 Unmar. child.59.153.330.828.680.460.058.339.3 No children19.720.046.252.412.420.025.037.7 Mar. child.16.723.311.5 9.5 5.217.612.516.4 Other kin 3.0 1.7 3.8 0.0 2.4 2.1 1.6 Nonkin 1.5 1.7 7.7 9.5 2.1 0.0 2.1 4.9 Part. Nr. of cases2130151938362441 Unmar. child.52.430.026.7 5.378.952.841.722.0 No children 9.520.013.315.8 5.311.112.514.6 Mar. child.23.840.053.373.713.227.837.553.7 Other kin 9.5 0.0 6.7 5.3 2.6 0.0 4.2 7.3 Nonkin 4.810.0 0.0 8.3 4.2 2.4

16. Descriptive results % of the Older Pop. Living in Various Resid. Arrangements (widowed women/men) Widowed womenWidowed men 50-5455-5960-6465+50-5455-5960-6465+ Trans. Nr. of cases172313311011 832 Unmar. child.58.826.138.5 3.290.018.237.5 6.3 No children11.813.0 0.0 9.112.515.6 Mar. child.23.547.861.577.410.054.550.068.8 Other kin 5.9 0.0 6.5 0.0 3.1 Nonkin 0.013.0 0.012.9 0.018.2 0.0 6.3 Part. Nr. of cases11231632 7 5 623 Unmar. child.36.430.412.5 9.428.620.066.7 0.0 No children 9.1 8.7 6.315.628.6 0.0 8.7 Mar. child.36.447.856.359.428.660.016.769.6 Other kin 9.1 4.3 6.3 0.0 4.3 Nonkin 9.1 8.718.815.614.320.016.717.4

17. Multivariate approach: results of MLR Effects of Age, Sex and Marital Status Living with Unmarried Children versus Living with Married Children Living without Children versus Living with Married Children Odds ratiop p Age group 50-54ref.1.00ref.1.00 55-59 0.33 0.000.690.25 60-64 0.29 0.000.900.77 65+ 0.07 0.000.680.77 Sex and Mar. Status Married malesref.1.00ref.1.00 Married females 0.41 0.000.890.66 Widowed males 0.19 0.00 0.17 0.00 Widowed females 0.15 0.00 0.14 0.00

18. Multivariate approach: results of MLR Effects of Occupation Living with Unmarried Children versus Living with Married Children Living without Children versus Living with Married Children Odds ratiop p Occupation Freeholdersref.1.00ref.1.00 Landless/day lab.1.500.16 2.01 0.04 Artisans 2.66 0.091.530.52 Intellect.0.520.230.470.29 Merchants0.950.961.340.83 Others and unkn.0.840.681.810.15

19. Multivariate approach: results of MLR Effects of Religion and Region Living with Unmarried Children versus Living with Married Children Living without Children versus Living with Married Children Odds ratiop p Religion Reformedref.1.00ref.1.00 Greek cath. 0.51 0.00 0.42 0.00 Orthodox1.330.320.740.37 Roman cath.1.200.601.380.39 Jewish2.650.220.420.45 Region Transylvaniaref.1.00ref.1.00 „Partium” 0.69 0.09 0.46 0.00

20. Conclusions (questions and future developments) The sample proved to be suitable for the analysis of residential arrangements of the elderly Significant effects of age, sex and marital status and occupation The interpretation of the effects of religion and region need further analysis: the consequence of different economic conditions or different value system? The need for enlarging the actual sample for inter- and intra-regional comparative analysis

21. 21 Thank you for your attention !