1. Def D OC An extensible, dynamic document creation system http://common-lisp.net/project/defdoc/ By Rahul Jain (rjain@common-lisp.net)

2. TeX The Positives Excellent breaking algorithm Layerable macros Simple data model Nested sequences of hboxes and vboxes Lots of existing libraries

3. TeX The Negatives Syntax requires a lot of confusing escaping and unescaping Simple data model Info is lost quickly All data is stored in fixed-sized arrays … size is fixed at compile time!

4. CLOS to the Rescue! CONTENTS slot for tree structure Other slots indicate properties of document elements Mixins allow orthogonalizing concerns such as: –Wrapping –Flowing –Floating –Layout direction

5. Examples (defclass logical-structure-element (vertical-element vertical-container flowing-container-mixin) ()) (defclass paragraph (logical-structure-element wrapping-container-mixin) () (:documentation "A standard paragraph of text."))

6. More CLOS! (defclass html-output (output-destination pretty-printable-mixin) ()) (defclass plain-text-output (output-destination fixed-width-layout) ((page-width :initform (make-length 72 'em)))) (defclass pdf-output (output-destination fixed-layout) ())

7. Layout Engine (defgeneric prepare (input output) (:documentation "Breaks up the input into the basic elements to be laid out …")) (defgeneric convert (input output) (:documentation "Converts the input into the format specified by the output.")) Multiple Dispatch!

8. HTML Ouptut (defmacro define-html-conversion (type (element &optional (html-class 'html-output)) &body body) `(defmethod convert ((,element,type) (.output.,html-class)) (flet ((convert (&optional (element (contents,element))) (convert element.output.)) (convert-to-text (element) (let ((*suppress-html-tags* t)) (convert element.output.)))),@body)))

9. HTML Output (define-html-conversion paragraph (input) (with-html-block (:P) (convert))) (define-html-conversion itemized-list (input) (with-html-block (:UL) (dolist (element (contents input)) (with-html-block (:LI) (convert element))))) (define-html-conversion link (input) (with-html-inline (:A :href (url input)) (convert))) (define-html-conversion discretionary-hyphen (input) (write-html-entity "shy"))

10. Project Website (defclass project-website (document) ((title :accessor name :initarg name :initform (error "Name is required.")) (subtitle :initarg short-description))) (defclass documentation (section) ((title :allocation :class :initform "Documentation"))) (defclass code (section) ((title :allocation :class :initform "Code"))) (defclass communication (section) ((title :allocation :class :initform "Communication"))) (defclass dependencies (section) ((title :allocation :class :initform "Dependencies")))

11. Project Website (defmethod convert ((input dependencies) (output t)) (convert (make-instance 'itemized-list (contents input)) output)) (defgeneric section-before-p (o1 o2)) #.`(progn,@ (let ((order '(documentation code dependencies communication))) (loop for (prior. following-list) on order nconc (loop for following in following-list collect `(defmethod section-before-p ((o1,prior) (o2,following)) t) collect `(defmethod section-before-p ((o2,following) (o1,prior)) nil))))) (defmethod prepare :before ((input project-website) output) (setf (contents input) (sort (contents input) 'section-before-p)))

12. The DefDoc Website (defpackage :defdoc.website (:use :common-lisp :defdoc :defdoc.elements :defdoc.layout :defdoc.frontends.basic :defdoc.contrib.project-website)) (in-package :defdoc.website) Starts off looking a lot like lisp code!

13. The DefDoc Website (defabbreviation DefDoc (doc italic () "Def") (doc small-caps () "Doc")) (defabbreviation LaTeX "LaTeX") Abstraction is a beautiful thing!

14. The DefDoc Website (defun gen-src-link (target) (concatenate 'string "/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/DefDoc/src" target "?cvsroot=defdoc" (unless (eql (aref target (1- (length target))) #\/) "&rev=HEAD&content-type=text/vnd.viewcvs-markup"))) (defun gen-mailing-list-link (target) (concatenate 'string "/mailman/listinfo/defdoc-" target)) Defun, huh.

15. The DefDoc Website (defdoc index (project-website name (doc DefDoc) short-description "…" author "Rahul Jain") Note the class name and initargs

16. The DefDoc Website (documentation () (paragraph () "I have written up a document that is an overview“ "of the goals and rationale behind "(DefDoc)". " "It is available as " (link (url "overview.tex") (LaTeX))", " (link (url "overview.pdf") "PDF")", and " (link (url "overview.ps") "Postscript")".")) Note the usage of the abbreviations

17. The DefDoc Website (code () (paragraph () "The code is very incomplete, but what there is is " (link (url (gen-src-link "/")) "publically available")". " "There are definitions for various types of " (link (url (gen-src-link "/elements/")) "document elements")". " "There are also definitions for the abstract types of " (link (url (gen-src-link "/layout/")) "layout engines") " as well as the " (link (url (gen-src-link "/layout/html-engine.lisp")) " HTML layout engine")". " "Finally, there is a " (link (url (gen-src-link "/frontends/basic/")) "basic frontend")", " "essentially a few simple macros for creating "(DefDoc)" documents. " "A more fully-featured frontend is planned, which will be " "sensitive to the current context and allow texual content " "to be entered unquoted.") ; Ugh, that last sentence says it all… (paragraph () "This site is actually a "(DefDoc)" " (link (url (gen-src-link "/../website/website.lisp")) "document")"."))

18. The DefDoc Website (dependencies () (link (url " http://www.common-lisp.net/projects/rjain-utils/specified-types.html ") "Specified types")) (communication () (paragraph () "There are 3 mailing lists for "(DefDoc)", " (link (url (gen-mailing-list-link "announce")) "defdoc-announce")", " (link (url (gen-mailing-list-link "devel")) "defdoc-devel")", and " (link (url (gen-mailing-list-link "cvs")) "defdoc-cvs")".")))