1. Unit 1 The Nature of Biology

2.  Get out your composition books composition books signed policies procedures signed policies procedures Parent survey Parent survey envelope with handbook money envelope with handbook money

3. Warm-upAugust 26#1 Infer To use evidence and reason/logic to come up with a conclusion Draw a picture or use the word in a sentence for every vocabulary warm-up. Independent variable Vs. Dependent Variable Independent variable (IV) is the one changing factor in an experiment. The dependent variable (DV) is the measureable results of the change Draw a picture or use the word in a sentence.

4. Steps of the Scientific Method 1. Problem/Purpose- The question the lab will answer, must be testable, identifies variables a. Independent variable – factor the scientist changes from group to group b. Dependent variable – factor the scientist measures to see the effect of the independent variable Variables and Controls Videoclip Variables and Controls VideoclipExamples: Devon wants to see if different colors of light will effect the growth of her tomato plants. Josh conducts an experiment to find out if the type of music he listens to while studying will increase his test scores.

5. 2. Research: learn about the problem 3.Hypothesis: educated prediction 4.Procedure: the steps in the experiment to test the hypothesis A.Control - normal conditions or absence of independent variable, used for comparison B.Experimental group(s) have only one changing variable 5. Observations/Data: Don’t use opinion; Use factual descriptions or measurements 6. Analysis/Conclusion: Answers the purpose; accepts or rejects hypothesis

6. Science is Tentative THEORY: the most logical explanation based on current evidence; becomes stronger as more evidence is gathered LAW: universal generalization that is virtually unchanging; gravity *Scientific knowledge must be shared, which allows other scientists to repeat and verify the work of others.

7. Good Experiments Begin with Good questions Does exposure to ultraviolet radiation cause increased risk of skin cancer? Does exposure to ultraviolet radiation cause increased risk of skin cancer? � Good question, but not necessarily easy to answer, though finding correlations may be relatively easy. � Good question, but not necessarily easy to answer, though finding correlations may be relatively easy. Was Lee Harvey Oswald possessed by demons? Was Lee Harvey Oswald possessed by demons? � Bad question. Why? Well, first you must start with a definition of demon, and then come up with some objective means of measuring possessed-by-demons-ness. � Bad question. Why? Well, first you must start with a definition of demon, and then come up with some objective means of measuring possessed-by-demons-ness.

8. “Testing the Greenhouse Effect” Discovery Education  Watch the Mythbusters video: Watch for the parts of the scientific method we discussed as you watch the video see if you can identify the following: Watch for the parts of the scientific method we discussed as you watch the video see if you can identify the following: Independent variable? Independent variable? Dependent variable? Dependent variable? Control? Control? Experimental groups? Experimental groups? Constants? Constants? Good or bad experimental design? Good or bad experimental design?

9. Ticket out the Door  1. Write down the 6 steps of the scientific method.  2. A controlled experiment will only have ____ changing variable.  3. Maria tested the effect of different fertilizer on the growth of her grass. Independent variable? Independent variable? Dependent variable? Dependent variable? Control? Control?

10. Scientific Graphs Dependent Variable is On the Y axis Independent Variable is on the X axis

11. Warm-up August 29#2 Control Group The group of test subjects in an experiment that are either given the “normal” conditions/dose or are not given the independent variable at all. This group is used for comparison. Homeostasis The regulation of internal conditions (such as temperature, oxygen levels, blood sugar levels) that allow an organism to survive.

12. Is it Living?  From the list below, write down the things that you think are considered “living”. treerockfireboywindrabbitcloud grassseedeggbacteriacellmoleculefeather sunpotatoleaffossilriverbutterflymushroom  Explain your thinking. What “rule” or reasoning did you use to decide if something could be considered living?

13. Warm-up August 31 #4  STERNGRR is life! Write down the life process represented by each letter in STERNGRR Write down the life process represented by each letter in STERNGRR

14. What is biology? Biology: the study of (-ology) all life (bio) Includes many branches: 1.Microbiology: The study of microorganisms 2.Ecology:The study of living things and their environment 3.Cytology:The study of cells 4.Genetics:The study of heredity 5.Oncology:The study of cancer 6.Botany:The study of plants

15. Characteristics of Life Organization: All life is made up of cells; all life needs six essential elements (CHNOPS) Organism Organ System Organs Tissues Cells Molecules Atoms / Elements

16. Characteristics of Life Alive! Videoclip Alive! Videoclip Alive! Videoclip Energy Use :organisms must make energy to construct building blocks in the body  Metabolism – all chemical reactions in an organism  Examples: Synthesis – to build molecules Break down molecules (nutrition) Transport nutrients Cellular respiration – produce energy

17. Characteristics of Life  3. Reproduction – making more organisms, for growth or repair; sexual or asexual  4. Growth and Development Growth – to increase in size (# of cells)Growth – to increase in size (# of cells) Development – change in structure and functionDevelopment – change in structure and function

18.  5. Respond to Stimuli - A reaction towards or away from a stimulus in the environment;  6. Adjust to Environment Homeostasis - the regulation of an organism’s internal environmentHomeostasis - the regulation of an organism’s internal environment Adaptation - an inherited structure, behavior, or internal process that enables organisms to better survive an environment.Adaptation - an inherited structure, behavior, or internal process that enables organisms to better survive an environment.

19. Technology Compound Light Microscope: Has two lenses – ocular (eyepiece) and objective to view thin specimens Has two lenses – ocular (eyepiece) and objective to view thin specimens Ocular x Objective = Magnification Ocular x Objective = Magnification Electron microscope: Scanning electron microscope: SEM – 3D image Scanning electron microscope: SEM – 3D image Transmission electron microscope: TEM – greatest magnification Transmission electron microscope: TEM – greatest magnification Ocular Objective Objective

20. STERNGRR Miniposter  You and your partner will complete a handout about one of the following animal groups (Arthropod pg.16F, Amphibian 16G, or Mammal 16H) Use the textbook pages listed on your handout to complete. Each person should be filling out their own handout Use the textbook pages listed on your handout to complete. Each person should be filling out their own handout  Next, create a mini-poster. Here is how to set up your poster. Spell out STERNGRR going down the poster. Spell out STERNGRR going down the poster. For each life function write a sentence explaining how your animal group uses structures to carry out these life functions. Include at least two pictures on your poster (these should relate to two different life functions.) For each life function write a sentence explaining how your animal group uses structures to carry out these life functions. Include at least two pictures on your poster (these should relate to two different life functions.) Use the textbook pages listed on your handout to complete. Each person should be filling out their own handout. Use the textbook pages listed on your handout to complete. Each person should be filling out their own handout.

21. Ticket out the door  1. List and describe three of the six characteristics all living things have in common.  2. Write out STERNGRR and what life process/function each letter represents.

22. Warm-upAugust 30#3  Synthesis  To make, create, or build materials  Organisms are constantly making (synthesizing) proteins that are essential to life  Metabolism All chemical reactions occurring in an organism

23. Life Processes: STERNGRR  Synthesis – making materials Example: plants make sugar during photosynthesis Example: plants make sugar during photosynthesis  Transport – moving chemicals from location to location within cell or organism. Example: our circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to all cells in our body Example: our circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to all cells in our body  Excretion – getting rid of wastes Example: urinating, sweating, exhaling carbon dioxide Example: urinating, sweating, exhaling carbon dioxide  Respiration – gas exchange AND production of energy (ATP) Example: gas exchange; make energy from sugar Example: gas exchange; make energy from sugar

24. Life Processes (STERNGRR)  Nutrition – gaining energy from food source Example: eating food! Example: eating food!  Growth and Development – getting bigger and/or changing (puberty)  Regulation – controlling internal processes Pancreas produces insulin to lower blood sugar levels in blood Pancreas produces insulin to lower blood sugar levels in blood  Reproduction – producing new cells or new organisms

25. Ticket out the Door  1. Write down the 6 steps of the scientific method.  2. A controlled experiment will only have ____ changing variable.  3. Maria tested the effect of different fertilizer on the growth of her grass. Independent variable? Independent variable? Dependent variable? Dependent variable? Control? Control?  4. Give two life processes (STERNGRR)we talked about today and briefly explain.

26. STERNGRR Project  Each group of 3 will be assigned an animal or plant  You will need to research how that organism carries out each life process (STERNGRR)  Create a powerpoint presentation with pictures and slides-  follow the rubric  Present Tuesday – short 4 to 5 min. presentation

27. STERNGRR Presentations  Take notes for each presentation, you should have a few words to describe how each animal presented carries out the essential life processes.  After the presentations you will: Make a Venn diagram to compare any two organisms presented, you may not use the organism your group presented Make a Venn diagram to compare any two organisms presented, you may not use the organism your group presented  Don’t forget to write your individual summary paragraph about your groups organism!

28. Ticket Out the Door  The life processes that take place in all living organisms can be remembered as STERNGRR. What do the letters stand for?  Explain or define three  List and describe three characteristics all living things have in common.

29. Flashcard Warm-up  Characteristics of ALL living organisms:  Use your notes and write down the six characteristics of life and a brief explanation for each.

30. Unit 1 Work  Scientific Method Lab- Questions 1-5 from Blue sheet, 1J, data tables (article and questions on back)  1C,D, E  STERNGRR Summary and Venn Diagram  Characteristics of Life Chart  Problem Solving pgs. 9-12