1. Fiction Overview Character, Plot, Structure, Theme, Point of View, Tone (Irony), Symbolism

2. What is fiction?

3. Fiction: An Overview, pp.55-61 Character – not real people, but LIKE real people: protagonist, antagonist), anti-hero(villain, hostile environment, Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde-2 (Hamlet, Lucifer, the Dark Knight/Batman -works outside of the law), foil, etc. Plot – story: conflict: internal vs. external Theme - moral, guiding principle; better: CENTRAL IDEA -Flannery O’Connor on THEME: “too divorced from the text” NOTE: A THEME should be arrived at inductively; -Danger: students may be too reductive

4. Fiction: An Overview, pp.55- 61 Point of View: WHOSE MIND ARE WE IN? 1)The first-person point of view: somebody in the story  I; the speaker or narrator or persona 1)The third–person point of view: somebody outside of the story, doesn’t participate in the story  HE, SHE a) limited b) omniscient c) objective

5. Fiction: An Overview, pp.55- 61 Tone: the speaker’s attitude toward other characters, a situation (determined by diction such as dialectal, colloquial, formal; punctuation, sentence structure …) fat, obese, heavy, pudgy, roly-poly, plump e.g. He retorted, “ What did you say???” e.g. He responded, “What did you say?” Compare the tones in the above sentences.

6. Your homework for “Theme for English B” 2. What tone is implicit in the fact that the speaker, in response to a theme assignment, has composed a poem rather than a prose essay? 4. How does the tone in lines 27-40, particularly lines 34-36, prevent the statements of the speaker from becoming overly assertive or strident?

7. Fiction: An Overview, pp.55-61 Irony = a component of tone, refers to language and situations that reverse normal expectations. e.g. What is ironic in Sula? What’s ironic about the ending of the novel? Sarcasm is one kind of irony; it is praise which is really an insult; sarcasm generally involves malice, the desire to put someone down, e.g., "This is my brilliant son, who failed out of college.” Satire is the exposure of the vices or follies of an individual, a group, an institution, an idea, a society, etc., usually with a view to correcting it. e.g. The Onion

8. Fiction: An Overview, pp.55-61 Irony (e.g. “The Cask of Amontillado”) 1.Verbal – characterized by word choice: what is said is the opposite of what is meant: e.g. Montressor, “ And I [drink] to your long life” (about to immure/wall in Fortunato) Btw, how’s this different from sarcasm? :D 2.Situational: “when bad things happen to good people” or when rewards aren’t earned because of forces beyond human comprehension: e.g. Fortunato’s name is opposite of his (unfortunate) situation. e.g. Little Sula scares bullies. 3.Dramatic – characters have a nonexistent, incorrect, or misguided understanding of what is happening to them while both readers and other characters understand the situation: e.g. Fortunato doesn’t realize he’s been led into a trap, but, we, readers, know!

9. Fiction: An Overview, pp.55- 61 Symbolism Symbol combines BOTH the literal and the figurative: 1. means what it is 2. means something else e.g. The Bottom in Sula, Venus, Mars, the flag, gang signs

11. Practice Elements of Fiction DefinitionNovelShort Story Character Plot Protagonist Antagonist Theme Point of View -1 st person POV -3 rd person POV Tone Irony (type of tone) Symbolism