1. Nutrients Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water Food Pyramid

2. Digestion of Carbohydrates Three enzymes required  -amylase  -amylase Debranching Enzyme  -amylase  -amylase Debranching Enzyme

3. Digestion of Carbohydrates debranching enzyme

4. Digestion of Fats Require Bile Salts for Solubilization Require Lipases to Break Down Transported via Chylomicrons

5. Transport of Fats

6. Digestion of Proteins Proteases hydrolyze the peptide bond Different proteases cleave proteins at specific positions Chymotrypsin Cleavage Sites

7. Specificity of Proteases Chymotrpsin –Cleaves after large nonpolar residues Tyrpsin –Cleaves after Arg and Lys residues Elastase –Cleaves after small nonpolar residues

8. Regulation of Proteases and Lipases: Proenzymes Enzyme Cascades – 1  10  1000  10000

9. Essential Fatty Acids and Amino Acids Essential Fatty Acids Linoleic (18C, 2 Double Bonds) Linolenic (18C, 3 Double Bonds)

10. Vitamins Required for Normal Growth and Function Organic Molecules Synthetically Complex Precursors to Enzyme Cofactors Grouped as Water-soluble or Fat-soluble

11. Water vs. Fat-soluble Vitamins

12. Water-Soluble Vitamins

13. Fat-Soluble Vitamins

14. Vitamin C

15. Vitamin C Deficiency Leads to Scurvy

16. Collagen

17. Vitamin C

18. Vitamin K is Required for Clot Formation

19. Background on Folate and B 12 Metabolism. http://www.hscbklyn.edu/SUNY/Biochem/ALCOHOL/alcohol_folate_bkgd.html http://www.hscbklyn.edu/SUNY/Biochem/ALCOHOL/alcohol_case1.html Case Study of Folate Deficiency and Biochemical Considerations

20. Folic Acid is reduced to THF Enzyme cofactor: thymidylate synthase

21. Folic Acid is reduced to THF Enzyme cofactor: thymidylate synthase

22. Folic Acid is reduced to THF Enzyme cofactor: thymidylate synthase

23. Folic Acid is Converted to THF thymidylate synthase: dUMP + methylene-THF --- > dTMP + dihydrofolate (DHF) Thymine (T)Uracil (U)

24. Folic Acid is Converted to THF thymidylate synthase: dUMP + methylene-THF --- > dTMP + dihydrofolate (DHF) Thymine (T) Uracil (U)

25. http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/cgi/explore.cgi?job=graphics&pdbId=2KCE&page=99&pid=286001115140247 Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

26. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

27. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

28. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

29. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

30. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

31. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

32. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

33. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

34. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity