1. Confined Space Entry Requirements Health and Safety Standard 16.2

2. Accident Report Fatal Fact Accident Type: Asphyxiation Type of Operation: Boring, Jacking Crew Size: 6 Employee Job Title: Laborer Age 23 Male Experience at this Type of Work 1 day Time on Project 1 hour An employee sitting in a looped chain was lowered approximately 17 feet into a 21- foot deep manhole. Twenty seconds later he started gasping for air and fell from the chain seat face down into the accumulated water at the bottom of the manhole. An autopsy determined oxygen deficiency as the cause of death.

3. Accident Report Fatal Fact Accident Type: Fire/explosion Type of Operation: Installing water line Crew Size 3 Employee Job Title Welder Age28 Experience 2 years Time on Project 2 months A welder entered a steel pipe (24 inch diameter) to grind a bad weld at a valve about 30 feet from the entry point. Before he entered, other crew members decided to add oxygen to the pipe near the bad weld. He had been grinding intermittently for about five minutes when a fire broke out enveloping his clothing. Another crew member pulled him 30 feet to the pipe entrance and extinguished the fire. However, the welder died the next day from his burns.

4. 16.2.1.1 PURPOSE The purpose of the Confined Space Entry Standard is to establish safety requirements, including a permit system, for entry into confined spaces identified in a risk assessment as posing special dangers for Authorized Entrants. Confined spaces pose unique hazards due to their contents and / or configuration. This Standard includes provisions of the OSHA Confined Space Standard 29 CFR 1910.146 and the Rio Tinto Confined Space Entry Requirements.

5. 16.2.2 DEFINITIONS 16.2.2.1 Confined Space – An enclosed or partially enclosed space that: Has been identified as such in a risk assessment; Is not intended or designed primarily as place of work; May have restricted entry and exit; and May: Have an atmosphere which contains potentially harmful levels of contaminant; Not have a safe level of oxygen (e.g. following a nitrogen purge); or Cause entrapment or engulfment.

6. 16.2.2.1 Confined Spaces may include, but are not limited to: -Storage tanks, process vessels, boilers, pressure vessels, tank-like compartments that have only a manhole for entry, ceiling and floor spaces; -Open-topped spaces such as pits, or grease traps, or excavations more than 1.5 meters (5 feet) deep; and -Pipes, pumps, sewers, shafts, ducts, drains, tunnels, cellars, basements and similar structures.

7. 16.2.2.3 Entry Supervisor – A competent person trained, tested, and knowledgeable in the requirements of this Standard with the overall responsibility for safe confined space entry operations. The Entry Supervisor must ensure all the requirements of this Standard are implemented at the confined space location. 16.2.2.4 Tester – A competent person knowledgeable in the requirements of this Standard who has been trained and tested in the recognition and evaluation of personnel exposures to potential confined space hazardous conditions, the use of monitoring equipment, and procedures for atmospheric testing. 16.2.2.5 Contaminant – Any dust, fume, mist, vapor, gas, or other substance in liquid or solid form, the presence of which may be harmful to health and safety.

8. 16.2.2.6 Authorized Entrant(s) – Personnel entering a confined space who have been properly trained, are competent and tested by the Entry Supervisor regarding the nature of hazards involved, precautions to be taken, the use of required protective and emergency equipment, and the emergency rescue procedures. 16.2.2.7 Attendant (Standby Person) – A competent person trained and tested in the requirements of this Standard and familiar with rescue procedures. The Attendant is stationed outside the permitted confined space to monitor the Authorized Entrants.

9. 16.2.2.2 Entry – The action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit-required confined space. Entry includes ensuing work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred as soon as the whole body, upper body, or head of the Authorized Entrant's body breaks the plane of an opening into the confined space. However, this is not intended to prevent a person from inserting their hand or arm while holding a test instrument or probe into a confined space as part of its evaluation as provided for by this procedure.

10. 16.2.3 REQUIREMENTS -An inventory of confined spaces must be maintained by Kennecott Land. -16.2.3.1 All confined spaces must be identified and signs erected at the entry points denoting that a permit is required prior to entry. Where signage is impractical, other means of highlighting the dangers need to be used. -16.2.3.2 Prior to anyone entering a confined space, it is to be subjected to a risk assessment. Entry to a confined space will only be allowed after a written approval, in the form of the Confined Space Permit, has been issued by a competent person who is authorized to issue such permits. -16.2.3.3 Prior to entry into any space not already identified as a confined space, a risk assessment must be completed to determine if it is to be treated as a confined space or to determine if permits other than a confined space entry permit may be necessary.

11. REQUIREMENTS -Specific safe work procedures (SOPs) must be developed for work activities that are more hazardous when carried out in a confined space than elsewhere. These activities would include, but are not restricted to, hot work (cutting and welding), chemical cleaning, steam cleaning, and abrasive blasting. -16.2.3.4 Only trained competent persons knowledgeable in the requirements of this Standard shall implement the confined space entry permit procedures. All persons required to work in a confined space or to act as a standby person must be trained, competent, and tested.

12. 16.2.3.5 PERMITTING The confined space permitting process must include the following elements A risk assessment Isolation procedures for contaminants and other energy sources; Determination of requirements for breathing apparatus; The sign-in and sign-out of all persons entering the confined space; Display of the permit; Communication equipment; Safety specification of equipment to be taken into the confined space; Barricading; Rescue plan and equipment; Attendant; and A completion procedure.

13. 16.2.3.7 Contractors who may have employees entering a confined space must review the elements of this Confined Space Standard with their employees prior to working on KL properties. The contract employers must verify the training and instruction of their employees. The contract employer must make arrangements through the KL project coordinator for an entry permit prior to entering a confined space. An Entry Supervisor shall issue confined space entry permits. Approval may be granted by the KL Safety representative to allow the contractor to administer the confined space entry program for assigned work.

14. 16.2.3.8 Confined space entry permits will be issued for specific time periods. In some cases, it will be necessary to complete a permit each time an entry is made. In other cases, permits may authorize entry for a longer period. Each permit is site-specific because of the potential for changing conditions. Any changes in atmosphere or scope of work will require a new or updated confined space entry permit. Entrant(s) shall be removed until the permit is updated or reissued.

15. 16.2.3.11 If the confined space is found to have, or is suspected of having, an oxygen enriched or oxygen deficient atmosphere or if it exceeds flammable limits or toxic limits and a confined space entry permit is not issued, the Entry Supervisor shall ensure the area is: Posted with an appropriate warning sign; Purged and ventilated; and Re-checked and a confined space entry permit issued prior to entry under the conditions described in this Standard. Where entry into a confined space is required and the toxic limits are exceeded or there is an oxygen deficiency, and acceptable levels cannot be maintained by ventilation, appropriate respiratory protection must be worn.

16. WARNING: In no case will entry be made into a confined space with an explosive atmosphere or oxygen-enriched atmosphere. Specific safe work procedures must be developed for work activities that are more hazardous when carried out in a confined space than elsewhere. These activities would include hot work (cutting and welding), chemical cleaning, steam cleaning and abrasive blasting.

17. 16.2.3.16 The following guidelines shall be followed when employees are working within a confined space: Ladders used to enter confined spaces shall be secured and shall not be removed while anyone is inside; Only approved and properly grounded electrical equipment and lighting shall be used; Cylinders containing oxygen, acetylene, or other fuel gases shall not be taken into a confined space; Special instructions written on the “CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT” shall be followed, a standard permit shall be used, and the Entry Supervisor issuing the permit, the person conducting the atmospheric testing, the Attendant, and all Entrants must sign the permit; and The Entry Supervisor (or designee) shall remove the permit only after all work is complete.

18. 16.2.3.17 Completion Procedure Verify all work is complete; Verify all entrants and equipment are removed; Verify all entrances are secured and all locks and tags are removed; and Remove permit and return to the Safety office.

19. 16.2.4 RESPONSIBILITIES -Each individual including the Entry Supervisor, Authorized Entrant(s), and Attendant is responsible to follow the entry permit procedure. -Entry Supervisors are responsible for reviewing the elements of this Standard -Documented refresher training is required for individuals who perform atmospheric testing. The training shall include information concerning the recognition and evaluation of potential confined space hazardous conditions, and the use of monitoring equipment and procedures for atmospheric testing. -A KUC safety representative shall review the confined space permitting program annually to ensure compliance with this Standard and / or the need for revisions to the procedures.

20. Any space that is accessed by lifting a manhole cover shall be considered a confined space.

21. Supervisors are directly responsible for ensuring the safety of their employees in regards to confined spaces. It is their responsibility to evaluate potentially hazardous spaces within their facilities and areas to ensure that the proper precautions are taken for safety. This includes clearly marking permit-required confined spaces, training employees, and ensuring proper entry procedures are followed. These responsibilities may be delegated to another competent person provided he/she is qualified.

22. Confined Space Entry Procedure Procedure 1.Fill out confined space permit. 2.Open lid. 3.Test the air. 4.Turn on automatic ventilator or use portable ventilator if required. 5.Set up retrieval device. 6.Inspect retrieval device and body harness. Note inspections on confined space permit. 7.Don body harness and attach retrieval cable. 8.Sign in on permit with name and time. 9.Enter confined space using three points of contact when descending ladder. 10.Attendant continues to monitor air and look for other potentially hazardous situations while maintaining communication with entrant. 11.Attendant lowers any tools required with a rope and bucket. 12.Entrant exits confined space using three points of contact. 13.Entrant puts exit time in the permit. 14.Supervisor closes permit. I attest that I have read and understand this SOP. Signed ______________________________________________________________

24. QUESTIONS?