1. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk PLUMBING MATERIALS, PIPE BENDING AND PRESSURE TESTING

2. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk PLUMBING MATERIALS

3. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Pipes are used to connect various plumbing elements together, to form a plumbing system. PLUMBING MATERIALS

4. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Pipes are used in the supply of gas, drinking water, water in heating systems, and in drainage. Pipes can be made from plastic, copper, stainless steel, or cast iron. PLUMBING MATERIALS

5. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Pipes are colour coded to show what they carry. Underground gas pipes are yellow: inside a building, gas governors are also painted yellow. PLUMBING MATERIALS

6. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Water supply pipes can be blue in colour. Alternatively, copper pipes can be used for water supplies, but lead pipes cannot be used. The above picture shows a temporary water supply during a site redevelopment. PLUMBING MATERIALS

7. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Pipes for foul drains are coloured brown. PLUMBING MATERIALS

8. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Pipes carrying water to heat or cool a building, or that supply hot water, are heavily insulated. This reduces heat loss and energy costs. PLUMBING MATERIALS

9. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Connections between pipes can be made with compression fittings (shown below), or by soldering pipes together, as follows:- PLUMBING MATERIALS

10. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk PLUMBING MATERIALS

11. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Wire wool is used to clean the ends of connectors (shown left) before pipes are soldered together. PLUMBING MATERIALS

12. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Flux is applied to prevent oxidisation of the surfaces. PLUMBING MATERIALS

13. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Pipe work is heated using a blow lamp. Solder is melted to a liquid with the blow lamp, and is used to weld connectors and pipes together. Once cooled, the solder returns to a solid, forming a watertight seal. PLUMBING MATERIALS

14. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Pipes are fixed in place using special brackets. Once pipes are joined, water can be run through them to pressure test the pipework. PLUMBING MATERIALS

15. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Lead sheet is used to make flashings around chimneys and flues. PLUMBING MATERIALS

16. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Components are joined together using oxy- acetylene torch welding. PLUMBING MATERIALS

17. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Pipes are bent to shape using pipe bending tools. The series of images shown next show pipe being bent. PLUMBING MATERIALS

18. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk PLUMBING MATERIALS

19. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk PLUMBING MATERIALS

20. NGfL CYMRU GCaD www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Pipework is earth bonded. PLUMBING MATERIALS