1. Plumbing Green Professional Building Skills Training Program

2. COURSE OBJECTIVES: At the end of this course you will: Page 8 1.Understand how and why sustainability is important to plumbers and their work. 2.Understand the water-saving and energy efficiency principles used in new green systems. 3.Understand how green and conventional technologies, products, and installation practices differ.

3. GPRO Certificate Holders Page 3 Plumbing

4. A Green Building A green building is designed, constructed and maintained to minimize adverse environmental impacts and reduce energy and water consumption, while contributing to the health and productivity of both workers during construction and occupants after construction. A key component is consideration of the building's impacts and performance over its entire life. Page 7

5. Page 9 Why Green Plumbing Matters 1

6. Sustainability Sustainability: A way of living and working that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

7. Benefits of Green Plumbing Conserving water means: Cost savings related to water and wastewater treatment Reduced energy consumption from pumping and heating less water Page 9

8. Benefits of Green Plumbing Jobs Economy Health Environment Page 9

9. Natural Hydrologic Cycle Water is cleaned and replaced by the natural hydrologic cycle

10. A New Way of Thinking About Water Protect the Health of the Nation: Clean water in, dirty water out Preserve safety of water supply Also: Water conservation New sources of water from rainwater harvesting, greywater

11. Threats To Our Water Supply Population increase Pollution Farming & Forestry Paving Water shortages Page 11

12. TEST YOURSELF: 1.What is the purpose of green building? How does plumbing play a critical role? 2.How do the four primary benefits of green building relate to the plumbing industry? 3.Why are our current water use practices not sustainable? 4.How do humans fit into the hydrologic cycle? 5.Describe the new hydrological cycle.

13. Page 12 Sustainability in Plumbing Systems 2

14. What Makes a Plumbing System Sustainable? Multiple water savings and reuse elements are integrated to create a coordinated approach to water- use reduction. Page 12

15. Page 14 Where is Green Plumbing in a Building? Whole-Building Integration

16. Page 12 Reducing water consumption Energy efficiency Indoor air quality Managing construction & demolition waste Commissioning LEED building certification Retrofitting existing buildings Maintenance What are the Big Issues for Green Plumbers?

17. Page 15 Goal: To protect our nation's water supply by promoting water efficiency and enhancing the market for water-efficient products, programs, and practices Developed by U.S. EPA in 2006 20% more efficient than standard fixtures and appliances HET toilets must pass rigorous waste removal performance test. WaterSense How Do We Measure Sustainability in Plumbing - WaterSense

18. How Do We Measure Sustainability in Plumbing – ENERGY STAR ENERGY STAR Goal: Protect the environment through energy-efficient products and practices U.S. EPA & U.S. DOE Developed in 1992 Covers: water heaters, dishwashers, washing machines, geothermal heat pumps, boilers ENERGY STAR products that use water use less water than standard products, sometimes much less. Page 17

19. How Do We Measure Sustainability in Plumbing - LEED LEED Primary LEED credit categories: Water Efficiency (WE) Sustainable Sites (SS) Energy & Atmosphere (EA) Green buildings can achieve up to 10 credits through significant reductions in their use of potable water, wastewater treatment, energy savings, and reducing on- site run-off pollution. Page 15

20. Proximity Hotel, Greensboro, NC LEED Platinum Luxury Hotel: 39% less energy use 34% less water use Low-flow toilets that use 1.2 gallons per flush, waterless urinals, and low-flow faucets all contribute to water savings. Solar thermal panels on the roof provide 60 percent of the hotel’s water heating needs CASE STUDY Page 15

21. TEST YOURSELF: 1.How does the whole-building approach apply to sustainable plumbing systems? 2.What are the issues that a plumber might be involved with on a green job? 3.What are the issues that a plumber might encounter when retrofitting an existing building? 4.What plumbing products does ENERGY STAR certify? 5.What are the goals and strategies for the plumbing- related LEED new construction credits?

22. Page 18 Reducing End-Use Demand for Water and Energy 3

23. High Efficiency Fixtures and Appliances … Conserve water Reduce depletion of our valuable potable water resources helps maintain healthy aquatic environments. Save on water and sewer bills Save on energy bills Page 18 High Efficiency Fixtures and Appliances

24. Page 19 Typical water use in United States: How Much Water Do We Use? Commercial buildingsHomes

25. How many gallons of potable water does the average 3-person household use per day? POP QUIZ:

26. 69.3 x 3 = 207.9 gallons POP QUIZ: Go to http://www.epa.gov/watersense/our_water/be_the_change.html

27. Baseline and Improved Water Usage for Common Fixtures Page 20 Baseline vs. Improved Water Usage

28. Unnecessarily large flow rates waste water and energy! Federal Guidelines: Lavs, Kitchen Faucets & Aerators Max 2.2 gpm Public Metering Faucets Max 0.25 gal/cycle (gpc) Private Bathrooms (WaterSense Low-flow)1.5 gpm Public Bathrooms0.5 gpm Page 20 Faucets

29. Tempered faucets automatically mix hot and cold water. Have circulating hot water as close to faucet as possible or install heat cable. Page 20 Tempered Faucets and Circulating Pipes

30. Changing to a low-flow showerhead has a great payback! Federal Guidelines: Showerheads (80 psi):Max 2.5 gpm Low Flow Showerheads (60 psi):Max 2.2 gpm WaterSense Showerheads:Max 2.0 gpm Ultra Low Flow Showerheads:0.8 – 1.5 gpm Page 21 Showerheads

31. To unclog showerheads and Improve flow, immerse in vinegar to clean out scale and deposits. No bleach or chemicals! Page 21 Showerhead Maintenance

32. Toilet replacements can be a huge opportunity for water savings. Federal Guidelines: Residential toiletsMax 1.6 gpf Commercial toilets:Max 1.6 gpf 1.6 gpf toilets are called low-consumption (LC) toilets Page 23 Toilets

33. Great strides have been made in performance of LC and HET. High Efficiency Toilet (HET)Max 1.28 gpf Page 23 High Efficiency Toilets (HET)

34. Two different levels of flushing to clear the bowl. Large FlushMax 1.6 gpf Small FlushMax 1.1 gpf Page 24 Dual Flush Toilets

35. Drain-line carry is the distance that water can float or carry solids down a horizontal drain line Page 24 Drain-Line Carry

36. High Efficiency Fixtures Waterless and high-efficiency urinals (HEUs) Lower-flow faucets Greywater systems Reduce waste water in building sanitary drainage systems Current ASME Standards require a toilet to carry solids a distance of 40’ horizontally Page 24 Reducing Water in Waste Systems

37. 200 Market St., Portland OR LEED-EB Platinum: Water use reduction – 32% Low-flow and efficient water fixtures. Installed two pressurized water storage tanks on the roof, allowing the pumps to be turned off nights and weekends instead of running city water pumps nonstop to maintain water pressure on higher floors. Page 18 CASE STUDY

38. TEST YOURSELF: 1.What is the relationship between high-efficiency fixtures and appliances and protecting the environment? 2.What are the issues associated with tempered faucets? What are strategies that make tempered faucets more efficient? 3.What are the differences between low-consumption (LC) toilets, high-efficiency toilets (HETs), and dual flush toilets? 4.What is the concern with high efficiency fixtures and drain-line carry? 5.What new technology exists that contributes to landscape irrigation efficiency? Why is efficiency in landscape irrigation important?

39. Improving Water Distribution Systems 4 Page 31

40. Water is distributed in a network of pipes throughout the building. The design and maintenance of this system of piping can have a dramatic impact on water and energy consumption. Page 32 Water Distribution in Buildings

41. Insulate all accessible piping Hot water: heat should not dissipate Cold water: prevent condensation in hidden cavities and cut off a thermal sink Be aware of pipe insulation requirements! Page 32 Pipe Insulation

42. Have to wait for the water to heat up while it’s running down the drain….. Page 32 With trunk-and-branch installation method cold water brought to water-heating equipment before being distributed to fixtures and appliances Waste of Potable Water with Hot Water Usage

43. How much water is wasted? Average American home = 2.6 residents Annual water waste waiting for hot water = 10,000 gallons 50 million American households = 500 billion gallons of potable water waste annually Page 32 Waste of Potable Water with Hot Water Usage

44. In a typical American home, more than 10,000 gallons of water per year may be wasted while residents wait for hot water to arrive at plumbing fixtures What can we do? Page 32 Waste of Potable Water with Hot Water Usage

45. Use piping systems that re-circulate hot water back to water heating equipment Dedicated return line from the fixtures furthest from the water heating equipment Important when using low-flow fixtures – without recirculation, wait for hot water is increased. Page 32 Hot Water Distribution Piping: Larger Buildings

46. Cool Hot Page 33 Hot Water Distribution Piping: Larger Buildings

47. Without regulation, energy will be wasted by running when hot water is not necessary Thermostatically control the pump using: An aquastat A timer set to run at specified intervals What’s the best solution? An aquastat might lead to poor mixing performance if a boiler provides heat and hot water in the winter months Consult a mixing valve vendor Page 32 Regulating Hot Water Distribution Piping

48. Install a small pump or thermostatic device on both the hot and cold fixture supply lines to improve hot water circulation in smaller buildings or private homes Page 34 Hot Water Distribution Piping: Small Buildings

49. Smaller devices can be set to turn off when the hot water supply is the appropriate temperature Motion detectors or timers can be installed to turn the system on as needed Small devices work well for individual fixtures (ie. kitchen sink) or groups of fixtures in close proximity (a bathroom) Page 33 Hot Water Distribution Piping: Small Buildings

50. Effective way of reducing water consumption Provide incentive to reduce usage Identify leaks Building managers: Add meters to individual tenants Divide the cost of supplying water among tenants Discourage waste Page 34 Water Metering

51. Sub-Metering within the Building Place meters of major water-consuming equipment Provide feedback to owners about potential excessive use Less expensive than meters used for billing purposes Metering Water Supply Meter water flow at the source Supplier can track how water conservation efforts is affecting overall usage Identifies leaks or breaks in a supply main Page 34 Water Metering

52. Detecting leaks Drip gauge Dye tablets Improvements in Technology NYC: Implementing water meters that report consumption over a wireless network to a central office Alert building managers of suspicious consumption to find leaks! Page 34 Metering Technology

53. A condition where a sewer system cannot process all of the water collected and must let portions of it overflow into local rivers, lakes or the oceans After rainfall: Excess amount of sewage overflows the treatment plant’s control device and is dumped into a nearby waterway Page 35 Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)

54. Problems caused by CSOs: Drinking water contamination Polluted fishing areas Public beach closures Strategies to deal with CSOs: Divert first flush of rainwater into holding tanks or underground tunnels Install large holding tanks to get the first flush of a building’s storm drainage system Required in new developments in large cities (NYC, Chicago, etc.) Page 36 Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)

55. TEST YOURSELF: 1.Why is it important to insulate hot water piping and cold water piping? 2.How does the trunk-and-branch method of piping contribute to the wasting of potable water? 3.How is hot water circulation piping designed in the construction of new and larger building versus smaller or existing buildings? 4.What are the benefits of water metering within buildings? 5.What strategies can be used to mitigate CSO events?